题目
Two particles and , of masses and respectively, are free to move on a smooth horizontal plane. Particle is projected with speed towards which is stationary. After and collide, the speeds of and are equal.
Find the two possible values of the speed of after the collision.
题目中文翻译
两个质点 和 的质量分别为 和 ,可在光滑水平面上自由运动。质点 以 的速率向静止的 抛出。 与 碰撞后,两者的速率相等。
求碰撞后 的速率的两个可能值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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碰后两者速率相同,但P可继续向前或反弹。总动量向前且Q质量较大,Q必须向前,分别列两种情况。
答题过程
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Take the original direction of as positive and let the common speed after collision be .
If both particles move forwards, conservation of momentum gives
If rebounds while moves forwards,
The other direction combinations give negative total momentum and are impossible. Thus the two possible speeds of are