题目
A smooth ring of mass is threaded on a light string . The ends of the string are attached to fixed points and with vertically above . The string is taut and angle . The angle between the part of the string and the vertical is . The ring is held in equilibrium by a force of magnitude , acting on the ring in a direction perpendicular to (see diagram).
Calculate the tension in the string and the value of .
题目中文翻译
一个质量为 的光滑圆环 套在轻绳 上。绳的两端连接到固定点 和 ,其中 位于 的正上方。绳处于绷紧状态,且 。绳的 段与竖直方向的夹角为 。一个大小为 、方向垂直于 的力作用于圆环,使其保持平衡(见图)。
计算绳的张力及 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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光滑环上同一根轻绳两边张力相同。水平有两项向左张力,竖直只有斜绳的向上分量,不能漏掉水平绳张力。
答题过程
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Let the common tension be . Resolving horizontally and vertically,
Hence
Substituting into the vertical equation gives
so . Thus
解法二
思路
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沿X方向及其垂直方向分解,垂直方程可直接求张力,随后沿X求力。
答题过程
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The two tensions are equal because the ring is smooth. Resolving perpendicular to gives
Therefore
Resolving parallel to ,