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CIE 9709 2023 June Paper 43 Q4

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2023 June Paper 43 Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

A lorry of mass 15000 kg15000\,\mathrm{kg} moves on a straight horizontal road in the direction from AA to BB. It passes AA and BB with speeds 20 m s−120\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} and 25 m s−125\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} respectively. The power of the lorry’s engine is constant and there is a constant resistance to motion of magnitude 6000 N6000\,\mathrm{N}. The acceleration of the lorry at BB is 0.50.5 times the acceleration of the lorry at AA.

(a) Show that the power of the lorry’s engine is 200 kW200\,\mathrm{kW} and hence find the acceleration of the lorry when it is travelling at 20 m s−120\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

(5)

The lorry begins to ascend a straight hill inclined at 1∘1^\circ to the horizontal. It is given that the power of the lorry’s engine and the resistance force do not change.

(b) Find the steady speed up the hill that the lorry could maintain.

(2)

题目中文翻译

一辆质量为 15000 kg15000\,\mathrm{kg} 的货车沿笔直的水平道路从 AA 向 BB 行驶。它经过 AA 和 BB 时的速率分别为 20 m s−120\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 和 25 m s−125\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}。货车发动机的功率恒定,受到的运动阻力大小恒为 6000 N6000\,\mathrm{N}。货车在 BB 点的加速度是在 AA 点的加速度的 0.50.5 倍。

(a) 证明货车发动机的功率为 200 kW200\,\mathrm{kW},并由此求货车以 20 m s−120\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的速率行驶时的加速度。

(5)

货车开始沿一个与水平面成 1∘1^\circ 角的笔直山坡向上行驶。已知货车发动机的功率及阻力均不变。

(b) 求货车能够保持的上坡稳定速率。

(2)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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用同一个功率P表示两速率下的驱动力。两个牛顿方程消去加速度,实际推出P,再由20米每秒状态求加速度。

答题过程

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Let the acceleration at AA be aa, so the acceleration at BB is a/2a/2. With power PP in watts,

P20−6000=15000a,\frac{P}{20}-6000=15000a, P25−6000=7500a.\frac{P}{25}-6000=7500a.

Twice the second equation minus the first gives

2P25−P20=6000,3P100=6000.\frac{2P}{25}-\frac{P}{20}=6000, \qquad\frac{3P}{100}=6000.

Thus

P=200000 W=200 kW.\boxed{P=200000\,\mathrm{W}=200\,\mathrm{kW}}.

Hence, at speed 20 m s−120\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}},

15000a=20000020−6000=4000,15000a=\frac{200000}{20}-6000=4000,

so

a=415 m s−2.\boxed{a=\frac4{15}\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}}.

解法二

思路

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也可先把功率表示成加速度的两个表达式,联立求a后求P。

答题过程

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The driving forces at AA and BB are 15000a+600015000a+6000 and 7500a+60007500a+6000. Since power is constant,

20(15000a+6000)= 25(7500a+6000).\begin{align*} 20(15000a+6000)=&\,25(7500a+6000). \end{align*}

Expanding,

300000a+120000=187500a+150000,300000a+120000=187500a+150000,

so

a=30000112500=415 m s−2.\boxed{a=\frac{30000}{112500}=\frac4{15}\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}}.

Therefore

P=20(15000⋅415+6000)=200000 W=200 kW.P=20\bigg(15000\cdot\frac4{15}+6000\bigg) =200000\,\mathrm{W} =\boxed{200\,\mathrm{kW}}.

解法三

思路

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给定功率结论也可验证,但必须同时检查两个速率处的加速度符合一半关系,不能只代入一个状态。

答题过程

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For P=200000 WP=200000\,\mathrm{W}, the driving forces at speeds 2020 and 25 m s−125\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} are

FA=20000020=10000,FB=20000025=8000.F_A=\frac{200000}{20}=10000, \qquad F_B=\frac{200000}{25}=8000.

Newton’s second law gives

aA= 10000−600015000=415,aB= 8000−600015000=215.\begin{align*} a_A=&\,\frac{10000-6000}{15000}=\frac4{15},\\[4mm] a_B=&\,\frac{8000-6000}{15000}=\frac2{15}. \end{align*}

Thus aB=aA/2a_B=a_A/2, as required. The stated power 200 kW\boxed{200\,\mathrm{kW}} satisfies both conditions, and the acceleration at speed 20 m s−120\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} is 4/15 m s−2\boxed{4/15\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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稳速上坡时推力平衡恒阻力及重力沿坡分量,功率保持200千瓦。

答题过程

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At steady speed v>0v>0,

200000v−6000−15000(10)sin⁡1∘=0.\frac{200000}{v}-6000-15000(10)\sin1^\circ=0.

Hence

v=2000006000+150000sin⁡1∘≈23.2 m s−1.v=\frac{200000}{6000+150000\sin1^\circ} \approx\boxed{23.2\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.