题目
The diagram shows the vertical cross-section of a rough slide. The section is a straight line of length inclined at an angle of to the horizontal, where . The section is tangential to the curved section at , and is above the level of . A child of mass slides down the slide, starting from rest at . The work done by the child against the resistance force in moving from to is .
(a) Find the speed of the child at .
It is given that the child comes to rest at .
(b) Use an energy method to find the coefficient of friction between the child and , giving your answer as a fraction in its simplest form.
题目中文翻译
图中给出了一个粗糙滑梯的竖直截面 。 段是长 的直线,与水平面的夹角为 ,其中 。 段在 点与曲线段 相切, 比 所在水平面高 。一个质量为 的孩子从 点由静止开始沿滑梯下滑。孩子从 运动到 时克服阻力所做的功为 。
(a) 求孩子在 点的速率。
已知孩子在 点静止。
(b) 使用能量法,求孩子与 之间的摩擦系数,以最简分数形式给出答案。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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从X到Y曲线段只用能量,不假定恒加速度。势能损失扣去阻力功后成为动能。
答题过程
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The loss of potential energy from to is
The work-energy equation is
Thus , giving
(b)
解法一
思路
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按要求用能量法,从Y到Z的初动能和势能损失都用于克服摩擦。支持力用精确余弦0.96,最后给最简分数。
答题过程
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Since and is acute,
The normal reaction on is
The child stops at . Using (a), the work-energy equation on is
Hence , so
解法二
思路
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也可从起点X到终点Z整体列能量方程,首末都静止;总势能损失扣去前段50焦耳,就是直线段摩擦功。
答题过程
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The total vertical drop is . Since the child starts and ends at rest,
On , , so . Therefore