题目
A train of mass ascends a straight hill of length , inclined at an angle of to the horizontal. As it ascends the hill, the total work done to overcome the resistance to motion is and the speed of the train decreases from to .
Find the work done by the engine of the train as it ascends the hill, giving your answer in .
题目中文翻译
一列质量为 的火车沿一段长 、与水平面成 角的笔直山坡上行。上坡过程中,克服运动阻力所做的总功为 ,火车的速率从 降至 。
求火车上坡过程中发动机所做的功,答案以 为单位。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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用能量方程,发动机做功等于势能增加、克服阻力做功及动能变化之和。动能在减少,所以该项应为负;最后转成千焦。
答题过程
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The vertical rise is . The work done by the engine is
Hence, in the requested units,