A particle moves in a straight line, starting from a point O. The velocity of the particle at time ts after leaving O is vms−1. It is given that v=kt21−2t−8, where k is a positive constant. The maximum velocity of the particle is 4.5ms−1.
(a) Show that k=10.
(5)
(b) (i) Verify that v=0 when t=1 and t=16.
(1)
(ii) Find the distance travelled by the particle in the first 16s.
(5)
题目中文翻译
一个质点从点 O 出发沿直线运动。离开 O 后 ts 时,质点的速度为 vms−1。已知 v=kt21−2t−8,其中 k 为正常数。质点的最大速度为 4.5ms−1。
(a) 证明 k=10。
(5)
(b) (i) 验证当 t=1 和 t=16 时,v=0。
(1)
(ii) 求质点在最初 16s 内经过的路程。
(5)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (g) is needed, use 10ms−2.
需要使用重力加速度 g 的数值时,取 10ms−2。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
速度最大时加速度为零,由此把极值时刻表示成k,再代入最大速度4.5。k为正,故最后取正根。
答题过程
展开
For t>0,
a=dtdv=2tk−2.
Setting a=0 gives t=k/4, so t=k2/16. The acceleration changes from positive to negative at this time, so the velocity is a maximum. Substitution gives
4.5==k(4k)−2(16k2)−88k2−8.
Thus k2=100. Since k>0,
k=10.
解法二
思路
展开
令x等于根号t,将速度看成x的二次式,配方直接读最大值。因为k正,顶点落在允许的x非负范围内。
答题过程
展开
Let x=t≥0. Completing the square gives
v==−2x2+kx−8−2(x−4k)2+8k2−8.
Since k>0, the vertex x=k/4 is in the domain. Hence the maximum velocity is k2/8−8. Therefore