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CIE 9709 2024 June Paper 41 Q6

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2024 June Paper 41 Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

A particle moves in a straight line, starting from a point OO. The velocity of the particle at time t st\,\mathrm{s} after leaving OO is v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. It is given that v=kt12−2t−8v=kt^{\frac12}-2t-8, where kk is a positive constant. The maximum velocity of the particle is 4.5 m s−14.5\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

(a) Show that k=10k=10.

(5)

(b) (i) Verify that v=0v=0 when t=1t=1 and t=16t=16.

(1)

(ii) Find the distance travelled by the particle in the first 16 s16\,\mathrm{s}.

(5)

题目中文翻译

一个质点从点 OO 出发沿直线运动。离开 OO 后 t st\,\mathrm{s} 时,质点的速度为 v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}。已知 v=kt12−2t−8v=kt^{\frac12}-2t-8,其中 kk 为正常数。质点的最大速度为 4.5 m s−14.5\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}。

(a) 证明 k=10k=10。

(5)

(b) (i) 验证当 t=1t=1 和 t=16t=16 时,v=0v=0。

(1)

(ii) 求质点在最初 16 s16\,\mathrm{s} 内经过的路程。

(5)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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速度最大时加速度为零,由此把极值时刻表示成k,再代入最大速度4.5。k为正,故最后取正根。

答题过程

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For t>0t>0,

a=dvdt=k2t−2.a=\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}t} =\frac{k}{2\sqrt t}-2.

Setting a=0a=0 gives t=k/4\sqrt t=k/4, so t=k2/16t=k^2/16. The acceleration changes from positive to negative at this time, so the velocity is a maximum. Substitution gives

4.5= k(k4)−2(k216)−8= k28−8.\begin{align*} 4.5=&\,k\bigg(\frac k4\bigg)-2\bigg(\frac{k^2}{16}\bigg)-8\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{k^2}{8}-8. \end{align*}

Thus k2=100k^2=100. Since k>0k>0,

k=10.\boxed{k=10}.

解法二

思路

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令x等于根号t,将速度看成x的二次式,配方直接读最大值。因为k正,顶点落在允许的x非负范围内。

答题过程

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Let x=t≥0x=\sqrt t\ge0. Completing the square gives

v= −2x2+kx−8= −2(x−k4)2+k28−8.\begin{align*} v=&\,-2x^2+kx-8\\[4mm] =&\,-2\bigg(x-\frac k4\bigg)^2+\frac{k^2}{8}-8. \end{align*}

Since k>0k>0, the vertex x=k/4x=k/4 is in the domain. Hence the maximum velocity is k2/8−8k^2/8-8. Therefore

k28−8=4.5,k2=100.\frac{k^2}{8}-8=4.5, \qquad k^2=100.

Taking the positive root,

k=10.\boxed{k=10}.

(b)(i)

解法一

思路

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把两个指定时刻逐一代入速度式验证。

答题过程

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Using k=10k=10,

v(1)=101−2(1)−8=10−2−8=0,v(1)=10\sqrt1-2(1)-8=10-2-8=0, v(16)=1016−2(16)−8=40−32−8=0.v(16)=10\sqrt{16}-2(16)-8=40-32-8=0.

Thus both stated times give instantaneous rest.

(b)(ii)

解法一

思路

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先按两个静止时刻分段;初段速度为负,其位移取相反数,后段速度为正。不能直接对整段速度积分当作路程。

答题过程

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Writing x=tx=\sqrt t,

v=−2(x−1)(x−4).v=-2(x-1)(x-4).

Thus v<0v<0 for 0≤t<10\le t<1, and v>0v>0 for 1<t<161<t<16. An antiderivative of the velocity is

S(t)=203t3/2−t2−8t.S(t)=\frac{20}{3}t^{3/2}-t^2-8t.

Its values are

S(0)= 0,S(1)= −73,S(16)= 1283.\begin{align*} S(0)=&\,0,\\[4mm] S(1)=&\,-\frac73,\\[4mm] S(16)=&\,\frac{128}{3}. \end{align*}

Therefore the total distance is

D= −[S(1)−S(0)]+[S(16)−S(1)]= 73+(1283+73)= 1423 m≈47.3 m.\begin{align*} D=&\,-[S(1)-S(0)]+[S(16)-S(1)]\\[4mm] =&\,\frac73+\bigg(\frac{128}{3}+\frac73\bigg)\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{\frac{142}{3}\,\mathrm{m}} \approx47.3\,\mathrm{m}. \end{align*}