题目
A particle moves in a straight line. At time after leaving a point on the line, has velocity , where .
(a) Find the set of values of for which the acceleration of the particle is positive.
(b) Find the two values of at which returns to .
题目中文翻译
质点 沿直线运动。离开直线上的点 后 时, 的速度为 ,其中 。
(a) 求使质点加速度为正的 的取值集合。
(b) 求 返回 时 的两个值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
加速度是速度的导数,解严格大于零的不等式,并限制在出发后的非负时间。
答题过程
展开
Differentiating,
Hence when . Since , the set is
解法二
思路
展开
配方后速度图为开口向下的抛物线,顶点之前递增,因此加速度为正。
答题过程
展开
Completing the square,
This downward-opening parabola is increasing to the left of its vertex at . Therefore, for non-negative time, its gradient is positive precisely when
解法三
思路
展开
先求速度二次式的两个零点,其平均值就是抛物线对称轴。开口向下,故对称轴左侧斜率为正。
答题过程
展开
The zeros of the velocity are the roots of :
The axis of symmetry is
Since the velocity parabola opens downwards, its gradient is positive before this time. Hence
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
回到O要求位移为零,不是速度为零。积分速度,用初始位移零确定常数,再解非零时间根。
答题过程
展开
The displacement from is
Since , . Thus
Setting gives . Excluding the starting instant, the return times are