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CIE 9709 2024 June Paper 42 Q6

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2024 June Paper 42 Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

Three particles AA, BB and CC of masses 5 kg5\,\mathrm{kg}, 1 kg1\,\mathrm{kg} and 2 kg2\,\mathrm{kg} respectively lie at rest in that order on a straight smooth horizontal track XYZXYZ. Initially AA is at XX, BB is at YY and CC is at ZZ. Particle AA is projected towards BB with a speed of 6 m s−16\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} and at the same instant CC is projected towards BB with a speed of v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. In the subsequent motion, AA collides and coalesces with BB to form particle DD. Particle DD then collides and coalesces with CC to form particle EE and EE moves towards ZZ.

(a) Show that after the second collision the speed of EE is 15−v4 m s−1\frac{15-v}{4}\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

(3)

(b) The total loss of kinetic energy of the system due to the two collisions is 63 J63\,\mathrm{J}.

Use the result from (a) to show that v=3v=3.

(3)

(c) It is given that the distance XYXY is 36 m36\,\mathrm{m} and the distance YZYZ is 98 m98\,\mathrm{m}.

(i) Find the time between the two collisions.

(4)

(ii) Find the time between the instant that AA is projected from XX and the instant that EE reaches ZZ.

(1)

题目中文翻译

三个质点 AA、BB 和 CC 的质量分别为 5 kg5\,\mathrm{kg}、1 kg1\,\mathrm{kg} 和 2 kg2\,\mathrm{kg},按此顺序静止在一条笔直光滑的水平轨道 XYZXYZ 上。最初,AA 位于 XX,BB 位于 YY,CC 位于 ZZ。质点 AA 以 6 m s−16\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的速率向 BB 抛出;同时,CC 以 v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的速率向 BB 抛出。在随后的运动中,AA 与 BB 碰撞并结合成质点 DD。质点 DD 随后与 CC 碰撞并结合成质点 EE,且 EE 向 ZZ 运动。

(a) 证明第二次碰撞后 EE 的速率为 15−v4 m s−1\frac{15-v}{4}\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}。

(3)

(b) 两次碰撞造成的系统总动能损失为 63 J63\,\mathrm{J}。

利用 (a) 的结果证明 v=3v=3。

(3)

(c) 已知距离 XYXY 为 36 m36\,\mathrm{m},距离 YZYZ 为 98 m98\,\mathrm{m}。

(i) 求两次碰撞之间的时间。

(4)

(ii) 求从 AA 由 XX 抛出的瞬间到 EE 到达 ZZ 的瞬间所经过的时间。

(1)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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沿X到Z为正,两次碰撞逐次守恒动量,注意C的速度为负。

答题过程

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Taking motion towards ZZ as positive, conservation of momentum at the first collision gives

5(6)=(5+1)uD,uD=5.5(6)=(5+1)u_D,\qquad u_D=5.

At the second collision,

6(5)+2(−v)=8uE.6(5)+2(-v)=8u_E.

Hence

uE=30−2v8=15−v4.u_E=\frac{30-2v}{8}=\frac{15-v}{4}.

Since EE moves towards ZZ, this is positive, so its speed is

15−v4 m s−1.\boxed{\frac{15-v}{4}\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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用初始总动能减最终总动能等于63,代入上一问的速度表达式,实际因式分解并舍弃负速率。

答题过程

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Using (a), the total loss of kinetic energy gives

 12(5)(62)+12(2)v2 −12(8)(15−v4)2=63.\begin{align*} &\,\frac12(5)(6^2)+\frac12(2)v^2\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}-\frac12(8)\bigg(\frac{15-v}{4}\bigg)^2=63. \end{align*}

Thus

90+v2−(15−v)24=63.90+v^2-\frac{(15-v)^2}{4}=63.

Multiplying by 44 and expanding,

360+4v2−(225−30v+v2)=252,360+4v^2-(225-30v+v^2)=252,

so

3v2+30v−117= 0,3(v−3)(v+13)= 0.\begin{align*} 3v^2+30v-117=&\,0,\\[4mm] 3(v-3)(v+13)=&\,0. \end{align*}

Since vv is a speed, v=−13v=-13 is inadmissible. Therefore

v=3.\boxed{v=3}.

解法二

思路

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也可以把两次损失分别处理,先扣除第一次碰撞已损失的15焦耳,再让第二次损失等于48。

答题过程

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From (a), the speed of DD is 5 m s−15\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. The loss at the first collision is

L1=12(5)(62)−12(6)(52)=15 J.L_1=\frac12(5)(6^2)-\frac12(6)(5^2)=15\,\mathrm{J}.

Thus the second collision loses 63−15=48 J63-15=48\,\mathrm{J}. Using the speed of EE from (a),

 12(6)(52)+12(2)v2 −12(8)(15−v4)2=48.\begin{align*} &\,\frac12(6)(5^2)+\frac12(2)v^2\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}-\frac12(8)\bigg(\frac{15-v}{4}\bigg)^2=48. \end{align*}

Therefore

75+v2−(15−v)24=48.75+v^2-\frac{(15-v)^2}{4}=48.

Expanding and factorising gives

3v2+30v−117=0,3v^2+30v-117=0, 3(v−3)(v+13)=0.3(v-3)(v+13)=0.

Rejecting the negative speed gives

v=3.\boxed{v=3}.

解法三

思路

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给定结论也可直接回代能量条件验证:必须使用上一问求得的合体速度,并明确指出总损失符合63焦耳。

答题过程

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For v=3v=3, the result of (a) gives

uE=15−34=3 m s−1.u_E=\frac{15-3}{4}=3\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

The initial and final kinetic energies are

Ei=12(5)(62)+12(2)(32)=99 J,E_i=\frac12(5)(6^2)+\frac12(2)(3^2)=99\,\mathrm{J}, Ef=12(8)(32)=36 J.E_f=\frac12(8)(3^2)=36\,\mathrm{J}.

Hence the total loss is 99−36=63 J99-36=63\,\mathrm{J}, as required, verifying v=3\boxed{v=3}.

(c)(i)

解法一

思路

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首次碰撞前C也在运动。先从98米中扣除C已走的距离,再用D、C相向运动的相对速率。

答题过程

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The first collision occurs after

t1=366=6 s.t_1=\frac{36}{6}=6\,\mathrm{s}.

By then CC has moved 3(6)=18 m3(6)=18\,\mathrm{m} towards YY, leaving a separation of 98−18=80 m98-18=80\,\mathrm{m} between DD and CC. Their closing speed is 5+3=8 m s−15+3=8\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. Hence the time between collisions is

808=10 s.\boxed{\frac{80}{8}=10\,\mathrm{s}}.

(c)(ii)

解法一

思路

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第二次碰撞发生在Z左方C已走的总距离处;合体速率为3,求最后一段用时并加上前两段。

答题过程

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By the second collision, CC has travelled 3(6+10)=48 m3(6+10)=48\,\mathrm{m} from ZZ. Particle EE then covers this distance towards ZZ at speed 3 m s−13\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. Thus the total time is

6+10+483=32 s.6+10+\frac{48}{3}=\boxed{32\,\mathrm{s}}.