Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

CIE 9709 2024 June Paper 42 Q7

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2024 June Paper 42 Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

Two particles PP and QQ of masses 2.5 kg2.5\,\mathrm{kg} and 0.5 kg0.5\,\mathrm{kg} respectively are connected by a light inextensible string that passes over a small smooth pulley fixed at the top of a plane inclined at an angle of 30∘30^\circ to the horizontal. Particle PP is on the plane and QQ hangs below the pulley such that the level of QQ is 2 m2\,\mathrm{m} below the level of PP (see diagram).

Particle PP is released from rest with the string taut and slides down the plane. The plane is rough with coefficient of friction 0.20.2 between the plane and PP.

(a) Find the acceleration of PP.

(5)

(b) Use an energy method to find the speed of the particles at the instant when they are at the same vertical height.

(5)

题目中文翻译

两个质点 PP 和 QQ 的质量分别为 2.5 kg2.5\,\mathrm{kg} 和 0.5 kg0.5\,\mathrm{kg},由一根轻且不可伸长的绳连接。绳绕过一个固定在斜面顶端的小型光滑滑轮,斜面与水平面成 30∘30^\circ 角。质点 PP 位于斜面上,QQ 悬挂在滑轮下方,且 QQ 的高度比 PP 的高度低 2 m2\,\mathrm{m}(见图)。

质点 PP 在绳绷紧的情况下从静止释放,并沿斜面向下滑动。斜面粗糙,斜面与 PP 之间的摩擦系数为 0.20.2。

(a) 求 PP 的加速度。

(5)

(b) 使用能量方法,求两质点处于同一竖直高度的瞬间的速率。

(5)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

P下坡、Q上升,摩擦阻碍P下坡。对系统求加速度时内部张力消去;保留精确值供能量法使用。

答题过程

展开

For PP, the normal reaction and friction are

R= 2.5(10)cos⁡30∘=2532,F= 0.2R=532.\begin{align*} R=&\,2.5(10)\cos30^\circ=\frac{25\sqrt3}{2},\\[4mm] F=&\,0.2R=\frac{5\sqrt3}{2}. \end{align*}

Taking PP down the plane and QQ upwards, Newton’s second law gives

12.5−F−T= 2.5a,T−5= 0.5a.\begin{align*} 12.5-F-T=&\,2.5a,\\[4mm] T-5=&\,0.5a. \end{align*}

Adding,

7.5−532=3a,7.5-\frac{5\sqrt3}{2}=3a,

so

a=15−536 m s−2≈1.06 m s−2.\boxed{a=\frac{15-5\sqrt3}{6}\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}} \approx1.06\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

按要求使用能量法。两粒子沿绳移动相同距离,但P的竖直下降只有该距离的一半;高度差缩小量是二者竖直位移之和。

答题过程

展开

Let xx be the distance each particle moves along the string. Equal heights require

xsin⁡30∘+x=2,x=43 m.x\sin30^\circ+x=2, \qquad x=\frac43\,\mathrm{m}.

For the whole system, the net loss of gravitational potential energy, less work against friction, equals the total gain in kinetic energy:

12(3)v2= 2.5(10)(43)sin⁡30∘ −0.5(10)(43) −532(43)= 10−1033.\begin{align*} \frac12(3)v^2=&\,2.5(10)\bigg(\frac43\bigg)\sin30^\circ\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}-0.5(10)\bigg(\frac43\bigg)\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{4pt}-\frac{5\sqrt3}{2}\bigg(\frac43\bigg)\\[4mm] =&\,10-\frac{10\sqrt3}{3}. \end{align*}

Hence

v2=20(3−3)9.v^2=\frac{20(3-\sqrt3)}9. v≈1.68 m s−1.v\approx\boxed{1.68\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.

解法二

思路

展开

也可只对Q写能量方程;张力对Q做正功。先由上一问的加速度求张力,再计算上升的势能与动能。

答题过程

展开

From (a),

T=5+0.5a=75−5312 N.T=5+0.5a=\frac{75-5\sqrt3}{12}\,\mathrm{N}.

If each particle moves a distance xx, equal heights require x+xsin⁡30∘=2x+x\sin30^\circ=2, so x=4/3x=4/3. Applying work-energy to QQ alone,

T(43)=0.5(10)(43)+12(0.5)v2.T\bigg(\frac43\bigg) =0.5(10)\bigg(\frac43\bigg)+\frac12(0.5)v^2.

Thus

v2=163(T−5)=20(3−3)9,v^2=\frac{16}{3}(T-5) =\frac{20(3-\sqrt3)}9,

and

v≈1.68 m s−1.v\approx\boxed{1.68\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.

解法三

思路

展开

只对P写能量方程时,势能损失要分成动能增加、克服摩擦及张力做的负功,不能漏掉张力。

答题过程

展开

From (a), the tension is

T=5+0.5a=75−5312 N.T=5+0.5a=\frac{75-5\sqrt3}{12}\,\mathrm{N}.

The equal-height condition is x+xsin⁡30∘=2x+x\sin30^\circ=2, so x=4/3x=4/3. Applying work-energy to PP alone,

2.5(10)(43)sin⁡30∘= 12(2.5)v2 +532(43) +T(43).\begin{align*} 2.5(10)\bigg(\frac43\bigg)\sin30^\circ =&\,\frac12(2.5)v^2\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}+\frac{5\sqrt3}{2}\bigg(\frac43\bigg)\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{4pt}+T\bigg(\frac43\bigg). \end{align*}

Therefore

54v2=43(12.5−532−T),\frac54v^2=\frac43\bigg(12.5-\frac{5\sqrt3}{2}-T\bigg),

giving

v2=20(3−3)9.v^2=\frac{20(3-\sqrt3)}9. v≈1.68 m s−1.v\approx\boxed{1.68\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.