题目
Problem
A car travels along a straight road with constant acceleration ams−2, where a>0. The car passes through points A, B and C in that order. The speed of the car at A is ums−1 in the direction AB. The distance BC is twice the distance AB. The car takes 8 seconds to travel from A to B and 10 seconds to travel from B to C.
(a) Find u in terms of a.
(4)
(b) Find the speed of the car at C in terms of a.
(2)
题目中文翻译
一辆汽车沿笔直道路以恒定加速度 ams−2 行驶,其中 a>0。汽车依次经过点 A、B 和 C。汽车在 A 处沿 AB 方向的速率为 ums−1。距离 BC 是距离 AB 的两倍。汽车从 A 到 B 用时 8 秒,从 B 到 C 用时 10 秒。
(a) 用 a 表示 u。
(4)
(b) 用 a 表示汽车在 C 处的速率。
(2)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (g) is needed, use 10ms−2.
需要使用重力加速度 g 的数值时,取 10ms−2。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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第二段的初速是u加8a,不是u。分别列两段位移,用BC是AB两倍建立关系。
答题过程
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During AB,
sAB=8u+21a(82)=8u+32a.
The speed at B is u+8a. Thus during BC,
sBC==10(u+8a)+21a(102)10u+130a.
Since sBC=2sAB,
10u+130a=2(8u+32a).
66a=6u.
Therefore
u=11a.
解法二
思路
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也可用各段初末速度平方之差表示位移;加速度正,除以2a是合法的。
答题过程
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The speeds at B and C are u+8a and u+18a. Since a>0,
sAB=2a(u+8a)2−u2,
sAC=2a(u+18a)2−u2.
Using AC=3AB and multiplying by 2a,
(u+18a)2−u2=3[(u+8a)2−u2].
Expanding and simplifying,
36ua+324a2=48ua+192a2,
so 12ua=132a2. Since a>0,
u=11a.
(b)
解法一
思路
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从A到C总时间18秒,把上一问初速代入速度公式。
答题过程
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Using (a), the speed at C is
vC==u+a(8+10)11a+18a=29ams−1.