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CIE 9709 2024 June Paper 43 Q5

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2024 June Paper 43 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

A van of mass 4500 kg4500\,\mathrm{kg} is towing a trailer of mass 750 kg750\,\mathrm{kg} down a straight hill inclined at an angle of θ\theta to the horizontal where sin⁡θ=0.05\sin\theta=0.05. The van and the trailer are connected by a light rigid tow-bar which is parallel to the road. There are constant resistance forces of 2500 N2500\,\mathrm{N} on the van and 300 N300\,\mathrm{N} on the trailer.

(a) It is given that the tension in the tow-bar is 450 N450\,\mathrm{N}.

Find the acceleration of the trailer and the driving force of the van’s engine.

(4)

On another occasion, the van and trailer ascend a straight hill inclined at an angle of α\alpha to the horizontal where sin⁡α=0.09\sin\alpha=0.09. The driving force of the van’s engine is now 9100 N9100\,\mathrm{N}, and the speed of the van at the bottom of the hill is 20 m s−120\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. The resistances to motion are unchanged.

(b) (i) Find the acceleration of the van and the tension in the tow-bar.

(5)

(ii) Find the speed of the van when it has travelled a distance of 375 m375\,\mathrm{m} up the hill.

(2)

题目中文翻译

一辆质量为 4500 kg4500\,\mathrm{kg} 的厢式货车拖着一辆质量为 750 kg750\,\mathrm{kg} 的拖车,沿一段与水平面成 θ\theta 角的笔直山坡下行,其中 sin⁡θ=0.05\sin\theta=0.05。货车和拖车由一根平行于道路的轻质刚性牵引杆连接。货车和拖车受到的恒定阻力分别为 2500 N2500\,\mathrm{N} 和 300 N300\,\mathrm{N}。

(a) 已知牵引杆中的张力为 450 N450\,\mathrm{N}。

求拖车的加速度和货车发动机的驱动力。

(4)

在另一次行驶中,货车和拖车沿一段与水平面成 α\alpha 角的笔直山坡上行,其中 sin⁡α=0.09\sin\alpha=0.09。此时货车发动机的驱动力为 9100 N9100\,\mathrm{N},货车在坡底的速率为 20 m s−120\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}。运动阻力保持不变。

(b) (i) 求货车的加速度和牵引杆中的张力。

(5)

(ii) 求货车沿山坡向上行驶 375 m375\,\mathrm{m} 时的速率。

(2)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

下坡时拖车受张力沿坡向下,重力分量也向下,阻力向上。先对拖车求加速度,再对货车求驱动力。

答题过程

展开

Take down the hill as positive. For the trailer,

450+750(10)(0.05)−300=750a.450+750(10)(0.05)-300=750a.

Thus

a=0.7 m s−2 down the hill.\boxed{a=0.7\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}\text{ down the hill}}.

For the van, with driving force DD,

 D+4500(10)(0.05)−2500−450= 4500(0.7).\begin{align*} &\,D+4500(10)(0.05)-2500-450\\[4mm] =&\,4500(0.7). \end{align*}

Hence

D−700=3150,D=3850 N.D-700=3150,\qquad\boxed{D=3850\,\mathrm{N}}.

(b)(i)

解法一

思路

展开

改为上坡时重新列方程。整体方程求加速度,再用拖车方程求张力。

答题过程

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Taking up the hill as positive, the system equation is

 9100−2500−300−5250(10)(0.09)= 5250a.\begin{align*} &\,9100-2500-300-5250(10)(0.09)\\[4mm] =&\,5250a. \end{align*}

Hence

a=15755250=0.3 m s−2.\boxed{a=\frac{1575}{5250}=0.3\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}}.

For the trailer,

T−300−750(10)(0.09)=750(0.3),T-300-750(10)(0.09)=750(0.3),

giving

T=1200 N.\boxed{T=1200\,\mathrm{N}}.

(b)(ii)

解法一

思路

展开

各力恒定,加速度恒定,用初末速度与位移关系。

答题过程

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Using the acceleration from (b)(i),

v2=202+2(0.3)(375)=625.v^2=20^2+2(0.3)(375)=625.

The van is moving up the hill, so

v=25 m s−1.\boxed{v=25\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.

解法二

思路

展开

也可对整个车组写功与能量方程,内部张力不出现。

答题过程

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For the van and trailer together, the driving work less resistance work and the gain in potential energy equals the gain in kinetic energy:

12(5250)(v2−202)= (9100−2500−300)(375) −5250(10)(375)(0.09)= 590625.\begin{align*} \frac12(5250)(v^2-20^2) =&\,(9100-2500-300)(375)\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}-5250(10)(375)(0.09)\\[4mm] =&\,590625. \end{align*}

Hence v2−400=225v^2-400=225, so

v=25 m s−1.\boxed{v=25\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.