题目
The diagram shows the velocity-time graph of the motion of a cyclist. The graph consists of three straight line segments. The cyclist passes a point with speed and then accelerates for with constant acceleration . He then travels at constant speed for before decelerating, coming to rest at point , covering a distance of whilst decelerating.
(a) Find the total time taken for the journey from to .
(b) On the given axes, sketch a displacement-time graph for the cyclist’s journey from to , showing on your graph the distances travelled after and .
题目中文翻译
图中显示一名骑车者运动的速度—时间图像。图像由三条直线段组成。骑车者以 的速率经过点 ,随后以 的恒定加速度加速 。接着他以恒定速率行驶 ,然后减速,最终在点 停下,减速过程中行驶的路程为 。
(a) 求从 到 的全程所需的总时间。
(b) 在给定坐标轴上,画出骑车者从 到 的位移—时间示意图,并在图上标出经过 和 后所行驶的路程。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先由第一段加速度求平台速率8,末段三角形面积80确定减速时间20。
答题过程
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After 10 seconds, the speed is
If is the deceleration time, the final triangular area gives
Hence the total journey time is
(b)
解法一
思路
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位移图斜率等于速度。三段依次斜率增加、斜率恒8、斜率减至0,10秒与40秒处切线连续。
答题过程
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At 10 seconds, the displacement is
At 40 seconds,
At 60 seconds, .
Sketch an increasing, continuous graph through , , and :
- For , curve upwards, with gradient increasing from 3 to 8.
- For , draw a straight line with gradient 8.
- For , curve downwards, with gradient decreasing from 8 to 0.
Join the stages smoothly and label the axes “Time (s)” and “Displacement (m)”. In particular, mark at and at .