题目
Two particles and , of masses and respectively, are at rest on a smooth horizontal plane. is projected directly towards with speed . At the same instant, is projected directly towards with speed . After and collide, moves with speed and moves with speed .
(a) Find the two possible values of .
(b) Find the largest possible loss of kinetic energy in the collision.
题目中文翻译
质量分别为 和 的两个质点 和 静止在光滑水平面上。 以 的速率直接朝 发射。在同一瞬间, 以 的速率直接朝 发射。 与 碰撞后, 以 的速率运动, 以 的速率运动。
(a) 求 的两个可能值。
(b) 求碰撞中可能损失的最大动能。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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取P初方向为正,初总动量0.1u为正。碰后Q须向正方向,P则可正可负。
答题过程
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Take ‘s initial direction as positive. The initial momentum is
If moved in the negative direction after impact, the final momentum would be negative for either sign of ‘s velocity. Thus ‘s velocity is .
If ‘s final velocity is ,
If ‘s final velocity is ,
Both cases have separating particles. Hence
(b)
解法一
思路
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末动能由速率固定,与方向无关;初动能随u²增大,选u14计算最大损失。
答题过程
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The final kinetic energy is fixed at
The initial kinetic energy is
It is larger when . Therefore the largest loss is