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CIE 9709 2025 June Paper 43 Q1

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2025 June Paper 43 Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

Two particles PP and QQ, of masses 0.1 kg0.1\,\mathrm{kg} and 0.3 kg0.3\,\mathrm{kg} respectively, are at rest on a smooth horizontal plane. PP is projected directly towards QQ with speed 4u m s−14u\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. At the same instant, QQ is projected directly towards PP with speed u m s−1u\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. After PP and QQ collide, PP moves with speed 2 m s−12\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} and QQ moves with speed 4 m s−14\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

(a) Find the two possible values of uu.

(3)

(b) Find the largest possible loss of kinetic energy in the collision.

(2)
题目中文翻译

质量分别为 0.1 kg0.1\,\mathrm{kg} 和 0.3 kg0.3\,\mathrm{kg} 的两个质点 PP 和 QQ 静止在光滑水平面上。PP 以 4u m s−14u\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的速率直接朝 QQ 发射。在同一瞬间,QQ 以 u m s−1u\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的速率直接朝 PP 发射。PP 与 QQ 碰撞后,PP 以 2 m s−12\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的速率运动,QQ 以 4 m s−14\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的速率运动。

(a) 求 uu 的两个可能值。

(3)

(b) 求碰撞中可能损失的最大动能。

(2)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

取P初方向为正,初总动量0.1u为正。碰后Q须向正方向,P则可正可负。

答题过程

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Take PP‘s initial direction as positive. The initial momentum is

0.1(4u)−0.3u=0.1u>0.0.1(4u)-0.3u=0.1u>0.

If QQ moved in the negative direction after impact, the final momentum would be negative for either sign of PP‘s velocity. Thus QQ‘s velocity is +4 m s−1+4\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

If PP‘s final velocity is +2+2,

0.1u=0.1(2)+0.3(4)=1.4,u=14.0.1u=0.1(2)+0.3(4)=1.4, \qquad u=14.

If PP‘s final velocity is −2-2,

0.1u=0.1(−2)+0.3(4)=1,u=10.0.1u=0.1(-2)+0.3(4)=1, \qquad u=10.

Both cases have separating particles. Hence

u=10oru=14.\boxed{u=10\quad\text{or}\quad u=14}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

末动能由速率固定,与方向无关;初动能随u²增大,选u14计算最大损失。

答题过程

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The final kinetic energy is fixed at

Kf=12(0.1)(2)2+12(0.3)(4)2=2.6 J.K_f=\frac12(0.1)(2)^2+\frac12(0.3)(4)^2=2.6\text{ J}.

The initial kinetic energy is

Ki= 12(0.1)(4u)2+12(0.3)u2= 0.95u2.\begin{align*} K_i=&\,\frac12(0.1)(4u)^2+\frac12(0.3)u^2\\[4mm] =&\,0.95u^2. \end{align*}

It is larger when u=14u=14. Therefore the largest loss is

0.95(14)2−2.6=183.6 J.0.95(14)^2-2.6=\boxed{183.6\text{ J}}.