题目
A train travels between two stations, and . The train starts from rest at and accelerates at a constant rate until it reaches a speed of . It then travels at this constant speed for seconds, before decelerating at a constant rate, coming to rest at . The total time for the journey is .
Find the value of and hence find the distance moved by the train while travelling at the constant speed of .
题目中文翻译
一列火车在两个车站 和 之间行驶 。火车从 站由静止开始以恒定加速度加速,直到速率达到 。随后火车以此恒定速率行驶 秒,然后以恒定减速度减速,在 站停下。全程所需时间为 。
求 的值,并由此求火车以 的恒定速率行驶时所经过的距离。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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两段匀变速运动的平均速率都是15米每秒,但两段时间不必相等。利用它们的时间总和180−T列总路程。
答题过程
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Let the acceleration and deceleration times be . Since each of these stages has average speed ,
Adding the three distances and converting to metres,
Thus . Hence the distance travelled at constant speed is
解法二
思路
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速度图是梯形,上底为T,下底为180,高为30;梯形面积就是总路程。
答题过程
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The velocity-time graph is a trapezium with parallel sides of lengths and , and height . Its area is the total distance, so
Thus , giving . Hence the distance at constant speed is