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CIE 9709 2025 June Paper 45 Q5

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2025 June Paper 45 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

A car of mass 1500 kg1500\,\mathrm{kg} is travelling along a straight horizontal road.

(a) It is given that there is a constant resistance to motion. The engine of the car is working at 24 kW24\,\mathrm{kW} while the car is travelling at a constant speed of 32 m s−132\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. The power is now increased to 28 kW28\,\mathrm{kW}.

Find the acceleration of the car at the instant it is travelling at a speed of 36 m s−136\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

(4)

(b) It is given instead that the resistance to the motion of the car is (340+4v) N(340+4v)\,\mathrm{N} when the speed of the car is v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

When the engine is working at 20 kW20\,\mathrm{kW}, the car is travelling at a constant speed.

Find this constant speed.

(3)

题目中文翻译

一辆质量为 1500 kg1500\,\mathrm{kg} 的汽车沿水平直路行驶。

(a) 已知汽车受到恒定的运动阻力。汽车以 32 m s−132\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的恒定速率行驶时,发动机的功率为 24 kW24\,\mathrm{kW}。现将功率增加至 28 kW28\,\mathrm{kW}。

求汽车以 36 m s−136\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的速率行驶的瞬间的加速度。

(4)

(b) 改为已知汽车的速率为 v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 时,汽车受到的运动阻力为 (340+4v) N(340+4v)\,\mathrm{N}。

发动机功率为 20 kW20\,\mathrm{kW} 时,汽车以恒定速率行驶。

求此恒定速率。

(3)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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原来匀速时由功率求恒定阻力。提高功率后,用新功率和瞬时速率求驱动力,再用牛顿第二定律。

答题过程

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At the original constant speed, the driving force balances the resistance:

R=2400032=750 N.R=\frac{24000}{32}=750\,\mathrm{N}.

With power 28000 W28000\,\mathrm{W} at speed 36 m s−136\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}, Newton’s second law gives

2800036−750=1500a.\frac{28000}{36}-750=1500a.

Hence

a=154≈0.0185 m s−2(3 s.f.),a=\frac1{54}\approx\boxed{0.0185\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}}\quad\text{(3 s.f.)},

in the direction of motion.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

匀速时驱动力等于随速率变化的阻力,列二次方程并保留正速率。

答题过程

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At constant speed v>0v>0,

20000v=340+4v.\frac{20000}{v}=340+4v.

Thus

4v2+340v−20000= 0,v2+85v−5000= 0,(v−40)(v+125)= 0.\begin{align*} 4v^2+340v-20000=&\,0, \\[4mm] v^2+85v-5000=&\,0, \\[4mm] (v-40)(v+125)=&\,0. \end{align*}

Rejecting v=−125v=-125, the constant speed is 40 m s−1\boxed{40\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.