题目
A car of mass is travelling along a straight horizontal road.
(a) It is given that there is a constant resistance to motion. The engine of the car is working at while the car is travelling at a constant speed of . The power is now increased to .
Find the acceleration of the car at the instant it is travelling at a speed of .
(b) It is given instead that the resistance to the motion of the car is when the speed of the car is .
When the engine is working at , the car is travelling at a constant speed.
Find this constant speed.
题目中文翻译
一辆质量为 的汽车沿水平直路行驶。
(a) 已知汽车受到恒定的运动阻力。汽车以 的恒定速率行驶时,发动机的功率为 。现将功率增加至 。
求汽车以 的速率行驶的瞬间的加速度。
(b) 改为已知汽车的速率为 时,汽车受到的运动阻力为 。
发动机功率为 时,汽车以恒定速率行驶。
求此恒定速率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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原来匀速时由功率求恒定阻力。提高功率后,用新功率和瞬时速率求驱动力,再用牛顿第二定律。
答题过程
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At the original constant speed, the driving force balances the resistance:
With power at speed , Newton’s second law gives
Hence
in the direction of motion.
(b)
解法一
思路
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匀速时驱动力等于随速率变化的阻力,列二次方程并保留正速率。
答题过程
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At constant speed ,
Thus
Rejecting , the constant speed is .