题目
A car of mass is moving on a straight horizontal road. The resistance to the motion of the car has a constant magnitude of and the car’s engine is working at a rate of .
(a) Find the acceleration of the car when its speed is .
The car now moves up a straight hill which is inclined at an angle to the horizontal. The resistance to the motion of the car has now changed to a constant magnitude of . The car moves up the hill at a constant speed of with the car’s engine working at a rate of .
(b) Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一辆质量为 的汽车沿水平直路行驶。汽车所受运动阻力的大小恒为 ,发动机的功率为 。
(a) 求汽车速率为 时的加速度。
现在汽车沿一条与水平面成 角的直坡向上行驶。汽车所受运动阻力的大小已变为恒定的 。汽车以 的恒定速率上坡,发动机的功率为 。
(b) 求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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功率先换W,由P=Fv求牵引力,再减阻力用牛顿第二定律。
答题过程
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The driving force is
Resolving along the road,
(b)
解法一
思路
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匀速上坡时合力为零;下坡阻力包含650N及重力分量。
答题过程
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The driving force is newtons. Since the speed is constant, resolving up the hill gives
Hence