题目
Three small smooth spheres , and of equal radii and masses , and respectively, lie at rest in that order in a straight line on a smooth horizontal plane. Sphere is projected directly towards with speed and is projected directly towards with speed . After the spheres collide, both and move in the same direction as ’s original motion with speeds and respectively.
(a) Find the value of .
After the collision between and , sphere moves directly towards . Sphere now collides with . After the spheres collide, both and move in the same direction and the loss of kinetic energy due to the collision between and is .
(b) Determine if there is a further collision between and .
题目中文翻译
三个半径相同的光滑小球 、 和 ,质量分别为 、 和 ,按此顺序沿一直线静置在光滑水平面上。小球 以 的速率直接向 发射, 以 的速率直接向 发射。两球碰撞后, 和 都沿 原来的运动方向运动,速率分别为 和 。
(a) 求 的值。
和 碰撞后,小球 直接向 运动。随后 与 碰撞。碰撞后, 和 沿相同方向运动,这次 与 的碰撞造成的动能损失为 。
(b) 判断 和 是否会再次碰撞。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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以A初运动方向为正,B初速度为负;动量守恒后解质量的二次方程并舍负根。
答题过程
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Take ‘s initial direction as positive. Conservation of momentum in the first collision gives
Therefore
Since is a positive mass, reject and obtain
(b)
解法一
思路
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对BC碰撞同时列动量与动能损失方程,求碰后速度;用两球分离条件排除伪组合,再与A速度比较。
答题过程
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Let and be the velocities after the second collision, taking the same positive direction as in (a). Conservation of momentum gives
The given loss of kinetic energy gives
so
Eliminating ,
The possible velocity pairs are
Since is behind , the spheres must separate after their collision. The second pair has and is inadmissible. Thus .
Sphere is behind and still moves at . Since , catches , so there is a further collision.