题目
A car of mass is moving on a straight horizontal road. There is a constant force of magnitude resisting the motion of the car.
(a) Calculate the power developed by the engine of the car when it is moving at a constant speed of .
(b) Given that the power is suddenly increased by , find the instantaneous acceleration of the car.
题目中文翻译
一辆质量为 的汽车在一条水平直路上行驶。汽车受到大小恒为 、阻碍其运动的力。
(a) 计算汽车以 的恒定速率行驶时发动机输出的功率。
(b) 已知功率突然增加了 ,求汽车的瞬时加速度。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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匀速水平运动,牵引力恰好抵消阻力,再用P=Fv。
答题过程
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At constant speed the resultant force is zero, so the driving force is . Thus
(b)
解法一
思路
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功率增加12kW而非变为12kW;瞬间速度仍25,求新牵引力后用F=ma。
答题过程
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The new power is . The speed is still at that instant, so
Therefore