题目
Two particles, and , of masses and respectively are at rest on a straight smooth horizontal track. Particle is situated from a vertical wall which is fixed at right angles to the track.
Particle is projected directly towards with a speed of . In the subsequent motion, collides and coalesces with to form particle . Particle then collides directly with the wall and rebounds. The collision of with the wall reduces the speed of by .
(a) Find the speed of after it rebounds from the wall.
(b) Hence find the time from the instant at which and collide until is once again a distance of from the wall.
题目中文翻译
质量分别为 和 的两个质点 和 静止在一条光滑的水平直轨道上。质点 距一面竖直墙 ,该墙固定且与轨道垂直。
质点 以 的速率直接朝 发射。在随后的运动中, 与 碰撞并粘合,形成质点 。质点 随后与墙正面碰撞并反弹。 与墙的碰撞使 的速率降低了 。
(a) 求 从墙反弹后的速率。
(b) 由此求从 与 碰撞的瞬间起,至 再次距墙 所经历的时间。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
先对粘合碰撞用动量守恒,再把所得速率乘0.75求撞墙后的速率。
答题过程
展开
Let be ‘s speed immediately after coalescence. Conservation of momentum gives
After the wall collision the speed is reduced by 25%, so it is
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
去、回各9m,速率不同,分别算时间后相加。
答题过程
展开
The track is smooth, so each stage is at constant speed. The total time is