题目
A crate of weight is at rest on rough horizontal ground. The crate is pulled at a constant acceleration of along the ground in a straight line by a light rope. The rope is inclined at an angle of to the horizontal, where . The tension in the rope is (see diagram). The coefficient of friction between the crate and the ground is .
(a) Find the value of .
(b) When the crate reaches a point , the rope is removed. The speed of the crate at is .
The crate comes to rest at a point .
Find the distance .
题目中文翻译
一个重为 的箱子静止在粗糙水平地面上。一根轻绳拉着箱子,使其以 的恒定加速度沿地面做直线运动。绳与水平方向的夹角为 ,其中 。绳中的张力为 (见图)。箱子与地面之间的摩擦系数为 。
(a) 求 的值。
(b) 当箱子到达点 时,移去绳子。箱子在 处的速率为 。
箱子在点 停止。
求距离 。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
重量W对应质量W/10;绳的竖直分量减少正压力,再用水平方向牛顿第二定律。
答题过程
展开
Since and , the tension components are
Vertical equilibrium gives
The friction is . Horizontally, using mass kilograms,
Hence
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
撤绳后正压力变成全部重量,减速度为μg,不能沿用之前1.5的加速度。
答题过程
展开
After the rope is removed, , so the frictional force is . Taking the direction of motion as positive,
Using ,
解法二
思路
展开
也可由停止时动能全部被摩擦耗散直接求距离。
答题过程
展开
After removal of the rope, the frictional force is . The work against friction equals the initial kinetic energy:
Cancelling ,