A particle P moves in a straight line. The velocity vms−1 of P at time ts, where t⩾0, is given by
v=k1(4t+11)21−41(2t+1)2+k2,
where k1 and k2 are constants. When t=1.25 the deceleration of P is 0.5ms−2.
(a) Find the value of k1.
(4)
(b) Given that P is only at instantaneous rest when t=3.5, find the distance travelled by P in the interval 0⩽t⩽1.
(5)
题目中文翻译
质点 P 沿直线运动。在时刻 ts(其中 t⩾0),P 的速度为 vms−1,由下式给出:
v=k1(4t+11)21−41(2t+1)2+k2,
其中 k1 和 k2 为常数。当 t=1.25 时,P 的减速度为 0.5ms−2。
(a) 求 k1 的值。
(4)
(b) 已知 P 仅在 t=3.5 时瞬时静止,求 P 在区间 0⩽t⩽1 内运动的路程。
(5)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (g) is needed, use 10ms−2.
需要使用重力加速度 g 的数值时,取 10ms−2。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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对两项复合函数都用链式法则;减速度0.5在此对应加速度−0.5。
答题过程
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Differentiating the velocity,
a=dtdv=2k1(4t+11)−1/2−(2t+1).
At t=1.25, the acceleration is −0.5ms−2. Thus
−0.5=2k1=k1=162k1−3.5,3,6.
(b)
解法一
思路
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先由3.5秒静止确定k2。0至1内不反向且速度为正,路程等于速度的定积分。
答题过程
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At t=3.5, v=0, so
0=625−41(8)2+k2,k2=−14.
Therefore
v=64t+11−41(2t+1)2−14.
The velocity is continuous, and the only instant of rest is t=3.5. Since v(0)=611−14.25>0, it remains positive throughout 0≤t≤1. Hence the distance is