题目
A lorry of mass is towing a trailer of mass along a straight horizontal road. The lorry and the trailer are connected by a light rigid tow-bar which is parallel to the road.
(a) At a particular instant, the power of the lorry’s engine is and the resistance forces on the lorry and trailer are and respectively. At this instant, the speed of the lorry is .
Find the tension in the tow-bar.
The lorry and trailer now descend a straight hill inclined at an angle of to the horizontal. As the lorry and trailer descend from a point to a point on the hill, the speed of the lorry increases from to . The lorry’s engine is no longer working at and instead the work done by the driving force of the lorry as it travels from to is . The resistance forces on the lorry and trailer are now and respectively.
(b) Find the distance .
题目中文翻译
一辆质量为 的货车拖着一辆质量为 的拖车沿水平直路行驶。货车与拖车由一根平行于路面的轻质刚性拖杆连接。
(a) 在某一瞬间,货车发动机的功率为 ,货车和拖车所受的阻力分别为 和 。在这一瞬间,货车的速率为 。
求拖杆中的张力。
货车与拖车现在沿与水平面成 角的笔直山坡下行。当货车与拖车从山坡上的点 下行至点 时,货车的速率从 增加到 。货车发动机不再以 的功率工作,而是货车的驱动力在其从 行驶至 的过程中做功 。货车和拖车现在所受的阻力分别为 和 。
(b) 求距离 。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
先由功率求货车牵引力,对整体求共同加速度,再单独对拖车求拖杆张力。
答题过程
展开
The engine’s driving force is
For the lorry and trailer together,
so . For the trailer alone,
Therefore
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
牵引功已给定,整体用能量法;下坡重力势能减少,阻力消耗能量。
答题过程
展开
Let metres. The total mass is . Its increase in kinetic energy is
The work done by the engine is , the decrease in potential energy is , and the work against resistance is . Thus
Therefore