题目
A particle of mass rests on a smooth horizontal table and is attached to one end of a light inextensible string. The string passes over a small smooth pulley fixed at the edge of the table. The other end of the string is attached to a particle of mass which hangs freely below the pulley. The system is released from rest with the string taut and with at a height of above horizontal ground (see diagram).
(a) Find the tension in the string and the magnitude of the acceleration of .
(b) Find the time that it takes for to reach the ground after the system is released. You should assume that does not reach the pulley before reaches the ground.
题目中文翻译
一个质量为 的质点 静止在光滑水平桌面上,并连接在一根轻质不可伸长细绳的一端。细绳跨过固定在桌边的一个小型光滑滑轮。细绳的另一端连接着质量为 的质点 , 自由悬挂在滑轮下方。在细绳绷紧且 距水平地面高度为 的情况下,系统从静止释放(见图)。
(a) 求细绳中的张力及 的加速度大小。
(b) 求系统释放后 到达地面所需的时间。应假设在 到达地面之前, 不会到达滑轮。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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轻绳使两粒子加速度大小相同,分别列牛顿第二定律并相加。
答题过程
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Let be ‘s downward acceleration and the tension. For and respectively,
Adding gives
Hence
解法二
思路
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也可先用系统势能损失求B落地前的速度,再用运动学求加速度,A的能量求张力。
答题过程
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Let be the common speed just before reaches the ground. The loss of gravitational potential energy becomes the kinetic energy of both particles:
Since the acceleration is constant,
The work done by tension on is its increase in kinetic energy:
(b)
解法一
思路
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B由静止以4的加速度下落0.5m,求正时间。
答题过程
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Taking , the time is .