题目
A car of mass is travelling along a straight horizontal road. There is a constant resistance force of magnitude acting on the car. Points , and are on the road in that order.
(a) The car takes to travel from to at constant speed. The distance is . The power produced by the car’s engine is .
Find the value of .
(b) At , the power produced by the car’s engine is increased to . The car travels a distance of from to . The speed of the car at is and the value of is unchanged.
Find the time that the car takes to travel from to .
题目中文翻译
一辆质量为 的汽车沿水平直路行驶。汽车受到大小恒为 的阻力。点 、 和 依次位于这条路上。
(a) 汽车以恒定速率从 行驶至 ,用时 。距离 为 。汽车发动机输出的功率为 。
求 的值。
(b) 在 处,汽车发动机输出的功率增加至 。汽车从 至 行驶了 。汽车在 处的速率为 , 的值保持不变。
求汽车从 行驶至 所需的时间。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
官方原题 (b) 给出的发动机功率、距离 及 处速率分别为 、 和 。这些数据与 (a) 所确定的阻力不相容:汽车在该功率下无法达到题定的 。
实际上应为:按官方评分标准 (b) 所用数据,功率、距离 及 处速率分别为 、 和 。本页保留官方英文原题及忠实中文翻译,未替换上述数据。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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匀速先求速率20,牵引力等于阻力,用功率关系求R。
答题过程
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The constant speed is
Since the resultant force is zero, the driving force equals the resistance . Therefore
解法二
思路
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也可用70秒发动机所做的功,等于1400m中克服阻力的功。
答题过程
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The kinetic energy is unchanged between and . Hence the work done by the engine equals the work done against resistance: