题目
Small smooth spheres and , of equal radii and of masses and respectively, lie on a smooth horizontal plane. Initially is moving towards with speed and is moving towards with speed . After the spheres collide, both and move in the same direction and the difference in the speeds of the spheres is .
Find the loss of kinetic energy of the system due to the collision.
题目中文翻译
半径相等的光滑小球 和 位于光滑水平面上,质量分别为 和 。最初, 以 的速率朝 运动, 以 的速率朝 运动。两球碰撞后, 和 沿同一方向运动,两球的速率之差为 。
求系统因碰撞而损失的动能。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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取A原方向为正,总动量为正,因此碰后共同方向也是正方向。碰后两球要分离,前方B必须比A快2,不能取仍互相靠近的速度关系。
答题过程
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Take the initial direction of as positive. The initial momentum is , so the common direction after collision is positive. Since is ahead of after impact and the spheres separate, .
Conservation of momentum gives
Thus and . The initial and final kinetic energies are
Hence the loss is