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CIE 9709 2022 November Paper 41 Q2

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2022 Nov Paper 41 Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

Small smooth spheres AA and BB, of equal radii and of masses 6 kg6\,\mathrm{kg} and 2 kg2\,\mathrm{kg} respectively, lie on a smooth horizontal plane. Initially AA is moving towards BB with speed 5 m s−15\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} and BB is moving towards AA with speed 3 m s−13\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. After the spheres collide, both AA and BB move in the same direction and the difference in the speeds of the spheres is 2 m s−12\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

Find the loss of kinetic energy of the system due to the collision.

(5)

题目中文翻译

半径相等的光滑小球 AA 和 BB 位于光滑水平面上,质量分别为 6 kg6\,\mathrm{kg} 和 2 kg2\,\mathrm{kg}。最初,AA 以 5 m s−15\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的速率朝 BB 运动,BB 以 3 m s−13\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的速率朝 AA 运动。两球碰撞后,AA 和 BB 沿同一方向运动,两球的速率之差为 2 m s−12\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}。

求系统因碰撞而损失的动能。

(5)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

解法一

思路

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取A原方向为正,总动量为正,因此碰后共同方向也是正方向。碰后两球要分离,前方B必须比A快2,不能取仍互相靠近的速度关系。

答题过程

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Take the initial direction of AA as positive. The initial momentum is 6(5)+2(−3)=24>06(5)+2(-3)=24>0, so the common direction after collision is positive. Since BB is ahead of AA after impact and the spheres separate, vB=vA+2v_B=v_A+2.

Conservation of momentum gives

24=6vA+2vB=6vA+2(vA+2).24=6v_A+2v_B=6v_A+2(v_A+2).

Thus vA=2.5v_A=2.5 and vB=4.5 m s−1v_B=4.5\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. The initial and final kinetic energies are

Ei= 12(6)(52)+12(2)(32)= 84 J.\begin{align*} E_i=&\,\frac12(6)(5^2)+\frac12(2)(3^2)\\[4mm] =&\,84\,\mathrm{J}. \end{align*} Ef= 12(6)(2.52)+12(2)(4.52)= 39 J.\begin{align*} E_f=&\,\frac12(6)(2.5^2)+\frac12(2)(4.5^2)\\[4mm] =&\,39\,\mathrm{J}. \end{align*}

Hence the loss is

84−39=45 J.\boxed{84-39=45\,\mathrm{J}}.