题目
A constant resistance of magnitude acts on a car of mass .
(a) The car is moving along a straight level road at a constant speed of .
Find, in , the rate at which the engine of the car is working.
(b) The car now travels at a constant speed up a hill inclined at an angle of to the horizontal, where , with the engine working at .
Find this speed.
(c) On another occasion, the car pulls a trailer of mass up the same hill. The system of the car and the trailer is modelled as particles connected by a light inextensible cable. The car’s engine produces a driving force of and the resistance to the motion of the trailer is . The resistance to the motion of the car remains .
Find the acceleration of the system and the tension in the cable.
题目中文翻译
一辆质量为 的汽车受到大小为 的恒定阻力。
(a) 汽车沿平直的水平道路以 的恒定速率行驶。
求汽车发动机做功的功率,以 为单位。
(b) 现在汽车以恒定速率沿与水平面夹角为 的山坡上行,其中 ,发动机的功率为 。
求该速率。
(c) 在另一次行驶中,汽车牵引一辆质量为 的拖车沿同一山坡上行。将汽车与拖车组成的系统建模为由一根轻质不可伸长缆绳连接的质点。汽车发动机产生 的牵引力,拖车所受的运动阻力为 。汽车所受的运动阻力仍为 。
求系统的加速度及缆绳中的张力。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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水平匀速时推力等于1400牛,乘速率后除1000得到千瓦。
答题过程
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At constant speed, the driving force is . Thus
(b)
解法一
思路
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上坡稳速时推力平衡阻力及重力分量,再用功率除推力。
答题过程
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The driving force at constant speed is
Therefore
(c)
解法一
思路
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整体方程求共同加速度,拖车方程求张力;两者重力沿坡分量都要包括。
答题过程
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For the car and trailer together, resolving up the hill,
Thus
For the trailer,
Hence