题目
Problem
A particle P moves on the x-axis from the origin O with an initial velocity of −20ms−1. The acceleration ams−2 at time ts after leaving O is given by a=12−2t.
(a) Sketch a velocity-time graph for 0≤t≤12, indicating the times when P is at rest.
(5)
(b) Find the total distance travelled by P in the interval 0≤t≤12.
(5)
题目中文翻译
质点 P 从原点 O 出发沿 x 轴运动,初速度为 −20ms−1。离开 O 后 ts 时的加速度 ams−2 由 a=12−2t 给出。
(a) 画出 0≤t≤12 范围内的速度—时间图的草图,并标明 P 静止的时刻。
(5)
(b) 求 P 在区间 0≤t≤12 内经过的总路程。
(5)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (g) is needed, use 10ms−2.
需要使用重力加速度 g 的数值时,取 10ms−2。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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积分加速度并代入负初速求常数,再求速度零点;画开口向下抛物线,标出起终点及顶点。
答题过程
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Integrating the acceleration gives
v=12t−t2+C.
Since v(0)=−20, C=−20. Thus
v=12t−t2−20=−(t−2)(t−10).
The rest times are t=2 and t=10. Also
v=16−(t−6)2.
Sketch the downward-opening parabola through (0,−20), (2,0), (10,0) and (12,−20), with maximum at (6,16), restricted to 0≤t≤12.
(b)
解法一
思路
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在2和10处分段,速度负、正、负,各段积分位移取绝对值后相加。
答题过程
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From (a), v<0 on (0,2) and (10,12), and v>0 on (2,10). An antiderivative is
S(t)=6t2−31t3−20t.
The relevant values are
S(0)=S(2)=S(10)=S(12)=0,−356,3200,48.
Hence the total distance is
D===−[S(2)−S(0)]+[S(10)−S(2)]−[S(12)−S(10)]356+3256+3563368m≈123m.