题目
Fig. 6.1 shows particles and , of masses and respectively, attached to the ends of a light inextensible string that passes over a small smooth pulley. The pulley is fixed at the top of a plane which is inclined at an angle of to the horizontal. hangs freely below the pulley and is on the inclined plane. The string is taut and the section of the string between and the pulley is parallel to a line of greatest slope of the plane.
(a) It is given that the plane is rough and the particles are in limiting equilibrium.
Find the coefficient of friction between and the plane.
(b)
It is given instead that the plane is smooth and the particles are released from rest when the difference in the vertical heights of the particles is (see Fig. 6.2).
Use an energy method to find the speed of the particles at the instant when the particles are at the same horizontal level.
题目中文翻译
图 6.1 中,质量分别为 和 的质点 和 连接在一根轻质不可伸长的绳子两端,绳子绕过一个小型光滑滑轮。滑轮固定在一个与水平面夹角为 的斜面顶端。 自由悬挂在滑轮下方, 位于斜面上。绳子绷紧, 与滑轮之间的绳段平行于斜面的一条最大坡度线。
(a) 已知斜面粗糙,两质点处于极限平衡状态。
求 与斜面之间的摩擦系数。
(b) 现改为斜面光滑,两质点在竖直高度差为 时从静止释放(见图 6.2)。
使用能量法,求两质点处于同一水平高度瞬间的速率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
A较重有向下趋势,B临界向上,B的摩擦沿坡向下。先由A求张力,再求B的支持力及摩擦。
答题过程
展开
For in equilibrium, . For ,
The impending motion of is up the plane, so friction acts down the plane. Resolving up the plane,
At limiting equilibrium, . Thus
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
按题目要求用能量法。A下降x,B沿坡上升x但竖直只上升x的一半,两者高度差缩小为1给出x。
答题过程
展开
Let be the distance travelled by each particle along the string. From Fig. 6.2, equal heights require
The plane is smooth, so the net loss in potential energy equals the total kinetic energy gained:
Thus
Therefore
解法二
思路
展开
也可先求张力,再只对A写能量方程。此时张力对A做负功,不能在单粒子能量式中漏掉。
答题过程
展开
Let be the common distance along the string. Equal heights require , giving .
On the smooth plane, Newton’s second law gives
Thus and . Applying work-energy to alone,
Hence
Therefore