题目
A particle of mass is held at rest by two light inextensible strings. One string is attached at an angle of to a horizontal ceiling. The other string is attached at an angle to a vertical wall (see diagram). The tension in the string attached to the ceiling is .
Find the tension in the string which is attached to the wall and find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一个质量为 的质点由两根轻质不可伸长的绳子维持静止。一根绳子连接在水平天花板上,与天花板成 角。另一根绳子连接在竖直墙壁上,与墙壁成 角(见图)。连接天花板的绳子中的张力为 。
求连接墙壁的绳子中的张力及 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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墙上绳段向右下方拉,所以它的竖直分量向下。分别平衡水平、竖直方向再求张力及相对竖直的锐角。
答题过程
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Let the tension in the wall string be . Equilibrium horizontally and vertically gives
Thus
Both components are positive and the diagram gives an acute . Hence
解法二
思路
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闭合力三角形中已知两边4和3及夹角30度,可用余弦定理先求第三边张力,再用正弦定理求角。
答题过程
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In the closed force triangle, the sides and include angle . By the cosine rule,
so . By the sine rule,
Thus . Selecting the acute angle shown in the diagram gives
解法三
思路
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对三个平衡力用Lami定理,再展开复角正弦求锐角,最后求张力。
答题过程
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By Lami’s theorem,
The first equality gives
Expanding,
Therefore
Using the unrounded angle,