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CIE 9709 2022 November Paper 42 Q3

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2022 Nov Paper 42 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

A particle of mass 0.3 kg0.3\,\mathrm{kg} is held at rest by two light inextensible strings. One string is attached at an angle of 60∘60^\circ to a horizontal ceiling. The other string is attached at an angle α∘\alpha^\circ to a vertical wall (see diagram). The tension in the string attached to the ceiling is 4 N4\,\mathrm{N}.

Find the tension in the string which is attached to the wall and find the value of α\alpha.

(6)

题目中文翻译

一个质量为 0.3 kg0.3\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点由两根轻质不可伸长的绳子维持静止。一根绳子连接在水平天花板上,与天花板成 60∘60^\circ 角。另一根绳子连接在竖直墙壁上,与墙壁成 α∘\alpha^\circ 角(见图)。连接天花板的绳子中的张力为 4 N4\,\mathrm{N}。

求连接墙壁的绳子中的张力及 α\alpha 的值。

(6)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

解法一

思路

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墙上绳段向右下方拉,所以它的竖直分量向下。分别平衡水平、竖直方向再求张力及相对竖直的锐角。

答题过程

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Let the tension in the wall string be TT. Equilibrium horizontally and vertically gives

Tsin⁡α=4cos⁡60∘=2,T\sin\alpha=4\cos60^\circ=2, Tcos⁡α=4sin⁡60∘−0.3g=23−3.T\cos\alpha=4\sin60^\circ-0.3g=2\sqrt3-3.

Thus

T=22+(23−3)2≈2.05 N.T=\sqrt{2^2+(2\sqrt3-3)^2} \approx\boxed{2.05\,\mathrm{N}}.

Both components are positive and the diagram gives an acute α\alpha. Hence

α=tan⁡−1(223−3)≈76.9∘.\alpha=\tan^{-1}\bigg(\frac2{2\sqrt3-3}\bigg) \approx\boxed{76.9^\circ}.

解法二

思路

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闭合力三角形中已知两边4和3及夹角30度,可用余弦定理先求第三边张力,再用正弦定理求角。

答题过程

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In the closed force triangle, the sides 44 and 33 include angle 30∘30^\circ. By the cosine rule,

T2=42+32−2(4)(3)cos⁡30∘,T^2=4^2+3^2-2(4)(3)\cos30^\circ,

so T=25−123=2.053141… NT=\sqrt{25-12\sqrt3}=2.053141\ldots\,\mathrm{N}. By the sine rule,

Tsin⁡30∘=4sin⁡(180∘−α).\frac{T}{\sin30^\circ}=\frac4{\sin(180^\circ-\alpha)}.

Thus sin⁡α=2/T\sin\alpha=2/T. Selecting the acute angle shown in the diagram gives

T≈2.05 N,α≈76.9∘.\boxed{T\approx2.05\,\mathrm{N}},\qquad\boxed{\alpha\approx76.9^\circ}.

解法三

思路

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对三个平衡力用Lami定理,再展开复角正弦求锐角,最后求张力。

答题过程

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By Lami’s theorem,

4sin⁡α=3sin⁡(210∘−α)=Tsin⁡150∘.\frac4{\sin\alpha} =\frac3{\sin(210^\circ-\alpha)} =\frac{T}{\sin150^\circ}.

The first equality gives

4sin⁡(210∘−α)=3sin⁡α.4\sin(210^\circ-\alpha)=3\sin\alpha.

Expanding,

−2cos⁡α+23sin⁡α=3sin⁡α.-2\cos\alpha+2\sqrt3\sin\alpha=3\sin\alpha.

Therefore

tan⁡α=223−3,α≈76.9∘.\tan\alpha=\frac2{2\sqrt3-3}, \qquad\boxed{\alpha\approx76.9^\circ}.

Using the unrounded angle,

T=4sin⁡150∘sin⁡α≈2.05 N.T=\frac{4\sin150^\circ}{\sin\alpha} \approx\boxed{2.05\,\mathrm{N}}.