题目
A car of mass is travelling along a straight horizontal road . There is a constant resistance force of magnitude . When the car passes point , it has a speed of and an acceleration of .
(a) Find the power of the car’s engine at the point .
The car continues to work with this power as it travels from to . The car takes seconds to travel from to and the speed of the car at is .
(b) Show that the distance is .
题目中文翻译
一辆质量为 的汽车沿水平直路 行驶,受到大小为 的恒定阻力。汽车经过 点时,速率为 ,加速度为 。
(a) 求汽车在 点时发动机的功率。
汽车从 行驶到 的过程中继续以此功率工作。汽车从 到 用时 秒,在 点的速率为 。
(b) 证明距离 为 。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先由加速度求驱动力,再乘速率得到功率。
答题过程
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Newton’s second law at gives
Hence
(b)
解法一
思路
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恒功率不代表恒加速度。用发动机总功减阻力功等于动能增加,实际推出给定距离。
答题过程
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The work done by the engine is
The increase in kinetic energy is
If , the work-energy equation gives
Thus