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CIE 9709 2022 November Paper 43 Q2

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2022 Nov Paper 43 Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

A box of mass 5 kg5\,\mathrm{kg} is pulled at a constant speed of 1.8 m s−11.8\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} for 15 s15\,\mathrm{s} up a rough plane inclined at an angle of 20∘20^\circ to the horizontal. The box moves along a line of greatest slope against a frictional force of 40 N40\,\mathrm{N}. The force pulling the box is parallel to the line of greatest slope.

(a) Find the change in gravitational potential energy of the box.

(2)

(b) Find the work done by the pulling force.

(2)

题目中文翻译

一个质量为 5 kg5\,\mathrm{kg} 的箱子被沿粗糙斜面以 1.8 m s−11.8\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的恒定速率向上拉动 15 s15\,\mathrm{s},斜面与水平面成 20∘20^\circ 角。箱子沿一条最大坡度线运动,受到 40 N40\,\mathrm{N} 的摩擦阻力。拉箱子的力平行于该最大坡度线。

(a) 求箱子重力势能的变化量。

(2)

(b) 求拉力所做的功。

(2)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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沿面移动距离为速率乘时间,再乘斜角正弦得到上升高度。

答题过程

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The distance up the plane is 1.8(15)=27 m1.8(15)=27\,\mathrm{m}. Thus the gain in potential energy is

ΔEP=5(10)(27sin⁡20∘)≈462 J(3 s.f.).\Delta E_P=5(10)(27\sin20^\circ) \approx\boxed{462\,\mathrm{J}}\quad\text{(3 s.f.)}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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匀速时动能不变,拉力功等于势能增加与克服摩擦的功之和。

答题过程

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Using the unrounded potential energy gain from (a),

W= 5(10)(27sin⁡20∘)+40(27)= 1541.727193… J.\begin{align*} W=&\,5(10)(27\sin20^\circ)+40(27)\\[4mm] =&\,1541.727193\ldots\,\mathrm{J}. \end{align*}

Hence

W≈1540 J(3 s.f.).\boxed{W\approx1540\,\mathrm{J}}\quad\text{(3 s.f.)}.

解法二

思路

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匀速时沿坡合力为零,先求拉力,再乘沿坡位移求功。

答题过程

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Resolving up the plane at constant speed,

F−5gsin⁡20∘−40=0.F-5g\sin20^\circ-40=0.

Hence F=50sin⁡20∘+40F=50\sin20^\circ+40. Since the pulling force is parallel to the displacement,

W= F(27)= (50sin⁡20∘+40)(27)≈ 1540 J(3 s.f.).\begin{align*} W=&\,F(27)\\[4mm] =&\,(50\sin20^\circ+40)(27)\\[4mm] \approx&\,\boxed{1540\,\mathrm{J}}\quad\text{(3 s.f.)}. \end{align*}