题目
A car of mass is pulling a caravan of mass . The car and the caravan are connected by a light rigid tow-bar. The resistances to the motion of the car and caravan are and respectively.
(a) The car and caravan are moving along a straight horizontal road at a constant speed of .
(i) Find the power of the car’s engine.
(ii) The engine’s power is now suddenly increased to .
Find the instantaneous acceleration of the car and caravan and find the tension in the tow-bar.
(b) The car and caravan now travel up a straight hill, inclined at an angle to the horizontal, at a constant speed of . The car’s engine is working at . The resistances to the motion of the car and caravan are unchanged.
Find .
题目中文翻译
一辆质量为 的汽车牵引一辆质量为 的旅居拖车。汽车与拖车由一根轻质刚性牵引杆连接。汽车与拖车所受的运动阻力分别为 和 。
(a) 汽车与拖车沿水平直路以 的恒定速率运动。
(i) 求汽车发动机的功率。
(ii) 现在发动机的功率突然增加到 。
求汽车与拖车的瞬时加速度及牵引杆中的张力。
(b) 现在汽车与拖车沿一条与水平面夹角为 的直山坡,以 的恒定速率上行。汽车发动机的功率为 。汽车与拖车所受的运动阻力不变。
求 。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)(i)
解法一
思路
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匀速时驱动力平衡两个阻力之和,再乘速率求功率。
答题过程
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At constant speed, the driving force is . Hence
(a)(ii)
解法一
思路
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功率突变瞬间速度仍为24,求新驱动力后用整体和拖车的牛顿方程。
答题过程
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The new driving force at the unchanged speed is
For the whole system,
giving
For the caravan,
Thus
(b)
解法一
思路
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上坡匀速,驱动力除平衡原有阻力外还需平衡整个系统的重力沿坡分量。
答题过程
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The driving force at steady speed is
Hence