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CIE 9709 2022 November Paper 43 Q7

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2022 Nov Paper 43 Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

Particles of masses 1.5 kg1.5\,\mathrm{kg} and 3 kg3\,\mathrm{kg} lie on a plane which is inclined at an angle of α\alpha to the horizontal, where tan⁡α=34\tan\alpha=\frac34. The section of the plane from AA to BB is smooth and the section of the plane from BB to CC is rough. The 1.5 kg1.5\,\mathrm{kg} particle is held at rest at AA and the 3 kg3\,\mathrm{kg} particle is in limiting equilibrium at BB. The distance ABAB is x mx\,\mathrm{m} and the distance BCBC is 4 m4\,\mathrm{m} (see diagram).

(a) Show that the coefficient of friction between the particle at BB and the plane is 0.750.75.

(3)

The 1.5 kg1.5\,\mathrm{kg} particle is released from rest. In the subsequent motion the two particles collide and coalesce. The time taken for the combined particle to travel from BB to CC is 2 s2\,\mathrm{s}. The coefficient of friction between the combined particle and the plane is still 0.750.75.

(b) Find xx.

(6)

(c) Find the total loss of energy of the particles from the time the 1.5 kg1.5\,\mathrm{kg} particle is released until the combined particle reaches CC.

(3)

题目中文翻译

质量为 1.5 kg1.5\,\mathrm{kg} 和 3 kg3\,\mathrm{kg} 的两个质点位于与水平面夹角为 α\alpha 的斜面上,其中 tan⁡α=34\tan\alpha=\frac34。斜面从 AA 到 BB 的部分光滑,从 BB 到 CC 的部分粗糙。1.5 kg1.5\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点被保持在 AA 点静止,3 kg3\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点在 BB 点处于极限平衡状态。距离 ABAB 为 x mx\,\mathrm{m},距离 BCBC 为 4 m4\,\mathrm{m}(见图)。

(a) 证明位于 BB 点的质点与斜面之间的摩擦系数为 0.750.75。

(3)

将 1.5 kg1.5\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点从静止释放。在随后的运动中,两质点碰撞并合为一体。合并后的质点从 BB 运动到 CC 所需的时间为 2 s2\,\mathrm{s}。合并后的质点与斜面之间的摩擦系数仍为 0.750.75。

(b) 求 xx。

(6)

(c) 求从 1.5 kg1.5\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点释放起,直到合并后的质点到达 CC 为止,两质点损失的总能量。

(3)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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由正切3/4求精确正弦和余弦,临界下滑时摩擦向上平衡重力分量。

答题过程

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Since tan⁡α=3/4\tan\alpha=3/4,

sin⁡α=35,cos⁡α=45.\sin\alpha=\frac35,\qquad\cos\alpha=\frac45.

For the 3 kg3\,\mathrm{kg} particle at BB,

R=3(10)(45)=24 N,R=3(10)\bigg(\frac45\bigg)=24\,\mathrm{N}, F=3(10)(35)=18 N.F=3(10)\bigg(\frac35\bigg)=18\,\mathrm{N}.

At limiting equilibrium, F=μRF=\mu R. Therefore

μ=1824=0.75.\boxed{\mu=\frac{18}{24}=0.75}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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先把到B的碰前速度表示为x,再守恒动量求碰后速度。粗糙段摩擦恰好平衡重力分量,故合体匀速,用四米两秒确定x。

答题过程

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On smooth ABAB, the acceleration is 10sin⁡α=610\sin\alpha=6. If the speed just before collision is uu,

u2=2(6)x=12x.u^2=2(6)x=12x.

Let the common speed after collision be vv. Conservation of momentum gives

1.5u=4.5v.1.5u=4.5v.

Thus

v=u3=12x3.v=\frac{u}{3}=\frac{\sqrt{12x}}3.

On BCBC, the acceleration is

a= 10(35)−0.75(10)(45)= 0.\begin{align*} a=&\,10\bigg(\frac35\bigg)-0.75(10)\bigg(\frac45\bigg)\\[4mm] =&\,0. \end{align*}

Thus the combined particle has constant speed. Since it travels 4 m4\,\mathrm{m} in 2 s2\,\mathrm{s},

4=2v=212x3.4=2v=\frac{2\sqrt{12x}}3.

Hence 12x=6\sqrt{12x}=6, giving

x=3.\boxed{x=3}.

解法二

思路

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也可从粗糙段的已知时间倒推:合体先求速率2,动量给碰前6,再求光滑段长度。

答题过程

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For the combined particle on BCBC,

a=gsin⁡α−0.75gcos⁡α=6−6=0.a=g\sin\alpha-0.75g\cos\alpha=6-6=0.

Its constant speed is therefore v=4/2=2 m s−1v=4/2=2\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. Conservation of momentum at BB gives

1.5u=4.5(2),u=6 m s−1.1.5u=4.5(2),\qquad u=6\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

On smooth ABAB, conservation of energy gives

1.5(10)x(35)=12(1.5)(62).1.5(10)x\bigg(\frac35\bigg)=\frac12(1.5)(6^2).

Thus 9x=279x=27, so

x=3.\boxed{x=3}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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总机械能损失等于两个粒子重力势能的总减少减最终动能;初始动能为零。原来在B的3千克粒子也下降4米斜面距离。

答题过程

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Taking the level of CC as zero potential energy, the initial potential energy is

Ei= 1.5(10)(3+4)(35) +3(10)(4)(35)= 63+72=135 J.\begin{align*} E_i=&\,1.5(10)(3+4)\bigg(\frac35\bigg)\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}+3(10)(4)\bigg(\frac35\bigg)\\[4mm] =&\,63+72=135\,\mathrm{J}. \end{align*}

The final kinetic energy is

Ef=12(4.5)(22)=9 J.E_f=\frac12(4.5)(2^2)=9\,\mathrm{J}.

Hence the total energy loss is

135−9=126 J.\boxed{135-9=126\,\mathrm{J}}.