题目
Two particles and , of masses and respectively, lie at rest apart on a rough horizontal plane. The coefficient of friction between each particle and the plane is . Particle is projected towards with speed .
(a) Show that the speed of immediately before the collision with is .
In the collision and coalesce to form particle .
(b) Find the loss of kinetic energy due to the collision.
The coefficient of friction between and the plane is .
(c) Find the distance travelled by particle before coming to rest.
题目中文翻译
两个质点 和 的质量分别为 和 ,静止在粗糙水平面上,相距 。每个质点与平面之间的摩擦系数均为 。质点 以 的速率向 抛出。
(a) 证明: 与 碰撞前瞬间的速率为 。
碰撞时, 和 结合成为质点 。
(b) 求此次碰撞造成的动能损失。
与平面之间的摩擦系数为 。
(c) 求质点 在静止前经过的距离。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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水平摩擦使P匀减速,加速度为负μg,再用速度平方关系推出目标值。
答题过程
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For , the reaction is , so friction is . Taking motion towards as positive,
Over ,
Taking the positive root,
解法二
思路
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也可用摩擦做功等于动能减少,先求摩擦力24牛。
答题过程
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The friction force on is
The work-energy equation is
Hence , so
(b)
解法一
思路
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碰撞瞬间用动量守恒求共同速度,再计算碰撞前后动能差;不要把碰撞前摩擦造成的能量损失算进去。
答题过程
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Let the common speed immediately after collision be . Conservation of momentum gives
The kinetic energies immediately before and after collision are
Thus the loss due to the collision is
(c)
解法一
思路
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合体质量增大,但摩擦引起的减速度仍为μg。用合体的碰后速度求停止距离。
答题过程
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For , the acceleration is
If the stopping distance is ,
Therefore