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CIE 9709 2023 November Paper 41 Q4

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2023 Nov Paper 41 Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

Two particles PP and QQ, of masses 6 kg6\,\mathrm{kg} and 2 kg2\,\mathrm{kg} respectively, lie at rest 12.5 m12.5\,\mathrm{m} apart on a rough horizontal plane. The coefficient of friction between each particle and the plane is 0.40.4. Particle PP is projected towards QQ with speed 20 m s−120\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

(a) Show that the speed of PP immediately before the collision with QQ is 103 m s−110\sqrt3\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

(3)

In the collision PP and QQ coalesce to form particle RR.

(b) Find the loss of kinetic energy due to the collision.

(4)

The coefficient of friction between RR and the plane is 0.40.4.

(c) Find the distance travelled by particle RR before coming to rest.

(2)

题目中文翻译

两个质点 PP 和 QQ 的质量分别为 6 kg6\,\mathrm{kg} 和 2 kg2\,\mathrm{kg},静止在粗糙水平面上,相距 12.5 m12.5\,\mathrm{m}。每个质点与平面之间的摩擦系数均为 0.40.4。质点 PP 以 20 m s−120\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的速率向 QQ 抛出。

(a) 证明:PP 与 QQ 碰撞前瞬间的速率为 103 m s−110\sqrt3\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}。

(3)

碰撞时,PP 和 QQ 结合成为质点 RR。

(b) 求此次碰撞造成的动能损失。

(4)

RR 与平面之间的摩擦系数为 0.40.4。

(c) 求质点 RR 在静止前经过的距离。

(2)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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水平摩擦使P匀减速,加速度为负μg,再用速度平方关系推出目标值。

答题过程

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For PP, the reaction is 6g6g, so friction is 0.4(6g)0.4(6g). Taking motion towards QQ as positive,

6a=−0.4(6)(10),a=−4 m s−2.6a=-0.4(6)(10),\qquad a=-4\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

Over 12.5 m12.5\,\mathrm{m},

v2=202+2(−4)(12.5)=400−100=300.v^2=20^2+2(-4)(12.5)=400-100=300.

Taking the positive root,

v=103 m s−1.\boxed{v=10\sqrt3\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.

解法二

思路

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也可用摩擦做功等于动能减少,先求摩擦力24牛。

答题过程

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The friction force on PP is

F=0.4(6)(10)=24 N.F=0.4(6)(10)=24\,\mathrm{N}.

The work-energy equation is

12(6)(202)−12(6)v2=24(12.5).\frac12(6)(20^2)-\frac12(6)v^2=24(12.5).

Hence 3v2=9003v^2=900, so

v=103 m s−1.\boxed{v=10\sqrt3\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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碰撞瞬间用动量守恒求共同速度,再计算碰撞前后动能差;不要把碰撞前摩擦造成的能量损失算进去。

答题过程

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Let the common speed immediately after collision be uu. Conservation of momentum gives

6(103)=(6+2)u.6(10\sqrt3)=(6+2)u. u=1532 m s−1.u=\frac{15\sqrt3}{2}\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

The kinetic energies immediately before and after collision are

Ei=12(6)(103)2=900 J,E_i=\frac12(6)(10\sqrt3)^2=900\,\mathrm{J}, Ef=12(8)(1532)2=675 J.E_f=\frac12(8)\bigg(\frac{15\sqrt3}{2}\bigg)^2=675\,\mathrm{J}.

Thus the loss due to the collision is

Ei−Ef=225 J.\boxed{E_i-E_f=225\,\mathrm{J}}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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合体质量增大,但摩擦引起的减速度仍为μg。用合体的碰后速度求停止距离。

答题过程

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For RR, the acceleration is

a=−0.4(8)(10)8=−4 m s−2.a=-\frac{0.4(8)(10)}8=-4\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

If the stopping distance is ss,

0=(1532)2−8s.0=\bigg(\frac{15\sqrt3}{2}\bigg)^2-8s.

Therefore

s=67532 m≈21.1 m.\boxed{s=\frac{675}{32}\,\mathrm{m}} \approx21.1\,\mathrm{m}.