题目
A car of mass is moving on a straight road.
(a) On a horizontal section of the road, the car has a constant speed of and there is a constant force of resisting the motion.
(i) Calculate, in , the power developed by the engine of the car.
(ii) Given that this power is suddenly increased by , find the instantaneous acceleration of the car.
(b) On a section of the road inclined at to the horizontal, the resistance to the motion of the car is when the speed of the car is . The car travels downwards along this section of the road at constant speed with the engine working at .
Find this constant speed.
题目中文翻译
一辆质量为 的汽车在笔直的道路上行驶。
(a) 在一段水平道路上,汽车以 的恒定速率行驶,受到大小恒为 、阻碍运动的力。
(i) 计算汽车发动机输出的功率,以 为单位。
(ii) 已知这一功率突然增加了 ,求汽车的瞬时加速度。
(b) 在一段与水平面成 角的道路上,当汽车的速率为 时,其运动阻力为 。汽车沿这段道路向下以恒定速率行驶,发动机的功率为 。
求这一恒定速率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)(i)
解法一
思路
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水平匀速时推力等于650牛,再用力乘速率求功率并转换成千瓦。
答题过程
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At constant speed the driving force is . Thus
(a)(ii)
解法一
思路
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功率突增瞬间速度尚未改变,仍为30;求新的推力,再扣除阻力。
答题过程
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Immediately after the increase, the speed is still . The driving force is
Hence
解法二
思路
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也可直接求增加的推力。原来合力为零,瞬间阻力和速度不变,所以新增推力就是新合力。
答题过程
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At the unchanged speed of , the increase in driving force is
The original driving force balanced resistance, so the new resultant is . Therefore
(b)
解法一
思路
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匀速下坡时重力分量帮助驱动力,二者共同平衡阻力。功率除以速率得到驱动力,建立二次方程并排除负根。
答题过程
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Let the constant speed be . Resolving down the slope,
Multiplying by and simplifying,
or
Rejecting the negative root gives