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CIE 9709 2023 November Paper 41 Q6

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2023 Nov Paper 41 Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

A car of mass 1300 kg1300\,\mathrm{kg} is moving on a straight road.

(a) On a horizontal section of the road, the car has a constant speed of 30 m s−130\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} and there is a constant force of 650 N650\,\mathrm{N} resisting the motion.

(i) Calculate, in kW\mathrm{kW}, the power developed by the engine of the car.

(2)

(ii) Given that this power is suddenly increased by 9 kW9\,\mathrm{kW}, find the instantaneous acceleration of the car.

(3)

(b) On a section of the road inclined at sin⁡−10.08\sin^{-1}0.08 to the horizontal, the resistance to the motion of the car is (1000+20v) N(1000+20v)\,\mathrm{N} when the speed of the car is v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. The car travels downwards along this section of the road at constant speed with the engine working at 11.5 kW11.5\,\mathrm{kW}.

Find this constant speed.

(4)

题目中文翻译

一辆质量为 1300 kg1300\,\mathrm{kg} 的汽车在笔直的道路上行驶。

(a) 在一段水平道路上,汽车以 30 m s−130\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的恒定速率行驶,受到大小恒为 650 N650\,\mathrm{N}、阻碍运动的力。

(i) 计算汽车发动机输出的功率,以 kW\mathrm{kW} 为单位。

(2)

(ii) 已知这一功率突然增加了 9 kW9\,\mathrm{kW},求汽车的瞬时加速度。

(3)

(b) 在一段与水平面成 sin⁡−10.08\sin^{-1}0.08 角的道路上,当汽车的速率为 v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 时,其运动阻力为 (1000+20v) N(1000+20v)\,\mathrm{N}。汽车沿这段道路向下以恒定速率行驶,发动机的功率为 11.5 kW11.5\,\mathrm{kW}。

求这一恒定速率。

(4)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)(i)

解法一

思路

展开

水平匀速时推力等于650牛,再用力乘速率求功率并转换成千瓦。

答题过程

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At constant speed the driving force is 650 N650\,\mathrm{N}. Thus

P=650(30)=19500 W=19.5 kW.P=650(30)=19500\,\mathrm{W} =\boxed{19.5\,\mathrm{kW}}.

(a)(ii)

解法一

思路

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功率突增瞬间速度尚未改变,仍为30;求新的推力,再扣除阻力。

答题过程

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Immediately after the increase, the speed is still 30 m s−130\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. The driving force is

F=19500+900030=950 N.F=\frac{19500+9000}{30}=950\,\mathrm{N}.

Hence

1300a=950−650=300,a=313 m s−2≈0.231 m s−2.1300a=950-650=300, \qquad \boxed{a=\frac3{13}\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}} \approx0.231\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

解法二

思路

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也可直接求增加的推力。原来合力为零,瞬间阻力和速度不变,所以新增推力就是新合力。

答题过程

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At the unchanged speed of 30 m s−130\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}, the increase in driving force is

ΔF=900030=300 N.\Delta F=\frac{9000}{30}=300\,\mathrm{N}.

The original driving force balanced resistance, so the new resultant is 300 N300\,\mathrm{N}. Therefore

a=3001300=313 m s−2.\boxed{a=\frac{300}{1300}=\frac3{13}\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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匀速下坡时重力分量帮助驱动力,二者共同平衡阻力。功率除以速率得到驱动力,建立二次方程并排除负根。

答题过程

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Let the constant speed be v>0v>0. Resolving down the slope,

11500v+1300(10)(0.08)=1000+20v.\frac{11500}{v}+1300(10)(0.08)=1000+20v.

Multiplying by vv and simplifying,

20v2−40v−11500=0,20v^2-40v-11500=0,

or

v2−2v−575=0.v^2-2v-575=0. (v−25)(v+23)=0.(v-25)(v+23)=0.

Rejecting the negative root gives

v=25 m s−1.\boxed{v=25\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.