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CIE 9709 2023 November Paper 42 Q5

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2023 Nov Paper 42 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

A particle AA of mass 0.5 kg0.5\,\mathrm{kg} is projected vertically upwards from horizontal ground with speed 25 m s−125\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

(a) Find the speed of AA when it reaches a height of 20 m20\,\mathrm{m} above the ground.

(2)

When AA reaches a height of 20 m20\,\mathrm{m}, it collides with a particle BB of mass 0.3 kg0.3\,\mathrm{kg} which is moving downwards in the same vertical line as AA with speed 32.5 m s−132.5\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. In the collision between the two particles, BB is brought to instantaneous rest.

(b) Show that the velocity of AA immediately after the collision is 4.5 m s−14.5\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} downwards.

(2)

(c) Find the time interval between AA and BB reaching the ground. You should assume that AA does not bounce when it reaches the ground.

(4)

题目中文翻译

一个质量为 0.5 kg0.5\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点 AA 从水平地面以 25 m s−125\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的速率竖直向上抛出。

(a) 求 AA 到达离地 20 m20\,\mathrm{m} 的高度时的速率。

(2)

当 AA 到达 20 m20\,\mathrm{m} 的高度时,它与一个质量为 0.3 kg0.3\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点 BB 碰撞;BB 沿与 AA 相同的竖直线以 32.5 m s−132.5\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的速率向下运动。在两质点的碰撞中,BB 瞬时静止。

(b) 证明:碰撞后瞬间 AA 的速度为 4.5 m s−14.5\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}},方向向下。

(2)

(c) 求 AA 和 BB 到达地面的时间间隔。你应假设 AA 到达地面时不反弹。

(4)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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上升到20米时用速度平方关系求速率。

答题过程

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Taking upwards as positive,

v2=252−2(10)(20)=225.v^2=25^2-2(10)(20)=225.

Hence the speed is

15 m s−1.\boxed{15\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.

解法二

思路

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也可由机械能守恒求出动能减少后的速率。

答题过程

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Conservation of mechanical energy gives

12(0.5)(252)−0.5(10)(20)=12(0.5)v2.\frac12(0.5)(25^2)-0.5(10)(20)=\frac12(0.5)v^2.

Thus v2=225v^2=225, giving

speed=15 m s−1.\boxed{\text{speed}=15\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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第一次到达20米时A向上,B向下。动量守恒给出A碰后负速度,须明确说明向下。

答题过程

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Take upwards as positive. Conservation of momentum gives

0.5(15)+0.3(−32.5)=0.5v+0.3(0).0.5(15)+0.3(-32.5)=0.5v+0.3(0).

Thus

7.5−9.75=−2.25=0.5v.7.5-9.75=-2.25=0.5v. v=−4.5 m s−1.v=-4.5\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

Therefore the velocity of AA immediately after collision is

4.5 m s−1 downwards.\boxed{4.5\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}\text{ downwards}}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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从碰撞时刻统一计时,两者同高但初速度不同。分别求落地正时间,再相减。

答题过程

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Take downwards as positive. For AA, the time tAt_A after collision to reach the ground satisfies

20=4.5tA+5tA2,20=4.5t_A+5t_A^2,

or

10tA2+9tA−40=0.10t_A^2+9t_A-40=0. (5tA−8)(2tA+5)=0.(5t_A-8)(2t_A+5)=0.

Rejecting the negative root gives tA=1.6 st_A=1.6\,\mathrm{s}.

For BB, which starts from rest after collision,

20=5tB2,tB=2 s.20=5t_B^2,\qquad t_B=2\,\mathrm{s}.

Hence the interval between reaching the ground is

tB−tA=0.4 s.\boxed{t_B-t_A=0.4\,\mathrm{s}}.