题目
A particle of mass is projected vertically upwards from horizontal ground with speed .
(a) Find the speed of when it reaches a height of above the ground.
When reaches a height of , it collides with a particle of mass which is moving downwards in the same vertical line as with speed . In the collision between the two particles, is brought to instantaneous rest.
(b) Show that the velocity of immediately after the collision is downwards.
(c) Find the time interval between and reaching the ground. You should assume that does not bounce when it reaches the ground.
题目中文翻译
一个质量为 的质点 从水平地面以 的速率竖直向上抛出。
(a) 求 到达离地 的高度时的速率。
当 到达 的高度时,它与一个质量为 的质点 碰撞; 沿与 相同的竖直线以 的速率向下运动。在两质点的碰撞中, 瞬时静止。
(b) 证明:碰撞后瞬间 的速度为 ,方向向下。
(c) 求 和 到达地面的时间间隔。你应假设 到达地面时不反弹。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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上升到20米时用速度平方关系求速率。
答题过程
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Taking upwards as positive,
Hence the speed is
解法二
思路
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也可由机械能守恒求出动能减少后的速率。
答题过程
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Conservation of mechanical energy gives
Thus , giving
(b)
解法一
思路
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第一次到达20米时A向上,B向下。动量守恒给出A碰后负速度,须明确说明向下。
答题过程
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Take upwards as positive. Conservation of momentum gives
Thus
Therefore the velocity of immediately after collision is
(c)
解法一
思路
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从碰撞时刻统一计时,两者同高但初速度不同。分别求落地正时间,再相减。
答题过程
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Take downwards as positive. For , the time after collision to reach the ground satisfies
or
Rejecting the negative root gives .
For , which starts from rest after collision,
Hence the interval between reaching the ground is