题目
A railway engine of mass is towing a coach of mass up a straight track inclined at an angle of to the horizontal where . There is a light rigid coupling, parallel to the track, connecting the engine and coach. The driving force produced by the engine is and there are constant resistances to motion of on the engine and on the coach.
(a) Find the acceleration of the engine and find the tension in the coupling.
At an instant when the engine is travelling at , it comes to a section of track inclined upwards at an angle to the horizontal. The power produced by the engine is now and, as a result, the engine maintains a constant speed.
(b) Assuming that the resistance forces remain unchanged, find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一台质量为 的火车机车牵引着一节质量为 的车厢,沿笔直轨道向上行驶。轨道与水平面的夹角为 ,其中 。机车与车厢由一根平行于轨道的轻质刚性连接杆连接。机车产生的牵引力为 ,机车和车厢受到的运动阻力恒定,分别为 和 。
(a) 求机车的加速度及连接杆中的张力。
机车以 的速率行驶的某一瞬间,进入一段与水平面成 角、向上倾斜的轨道。此时机车输出的功率为 ,使机车保持恒定速率。
(b) 假设阻力保持不变,求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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整体方程求加速度,单独车厢方程求连接器张力。
答题过程
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Resolving up the track for the whole system,
Therefore
For the coach,
giving
(b)
解法一
思路
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新路段匀速,先由功率求驱动力,再用整体平衡求坡角,不能沿用(a)张力。
答题过程
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The driving force is
At constant speed, resolving up the slope for the whole system gives
Hence
Taking the acute inclination,