题目
A block of mass slides down a rough plane inclined at to the horizontal, starting from rest. The coefficient of friction between the block and the plane is . The block accelerates uniformly down the plane at .
(a) Draw a diagram showing the forces acting on the block.
(b) Find the value of .
(c) Find the speed of the block after it has moved down the plane.
题目中文翻译
一个质量为 的物块从静止开始,沿与水平面成 角的粗糙斜面向下滑动。物块与斜面之间的摩擦系数为 。物块以 的恒定加速度沿斜面向下运动。
(a) 画图表示作用于物块的各个力。
(b) 求 的值。
(c) 求物块沿斜面向下运动 后的速率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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只画实际作用力:竖直向下的重力、垂直斜面向外的支持力、沿坡向上的摩擦。重力分量不是另外两个独立力。
答题过程
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Draw three forces acting on the block:
- Weight vertically downwards.
- Normal reaction perpendicular to the plane, away from the surface.
- Friction up the plane, opposing the downward motion.
Each arrow should act through the block.
(b)
解法一
思路
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法向平衡求支持力,沿坡牛顿第二定律求摩擦,再除以支持力得到μ。
答题过程
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Resolving perpendicular to the plane,
Resolving down the plane,
so . Therefore
(c)
解法一
思路
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已给恒加速度且静止出发,直接用速度与路程公式。
答题过程
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Using ,
Hence