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CIE 9709 2023 November Paper 43 Q5

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2023 Nov Paper 43 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

A light string ABAB is fixed at AA and has a particle of weight 80 N80\,\mathrm{N} attached at BB. A horizontal force of magnitude P NP\,\mathrm{N} is applied at BB such that the string makes an angle θ∘\theta^\circ to the vertical (see diagram).

(a) It is given that P=32P=32 and the system is in equilibrium.

Find the tension in the string and the value of θ\theta.

(4)

(b) It is given instead that the tension in the string is 120 N120\,\mathrm{N} and that the particle attached at BB still has weight 80 N80\,\mathrm{N}.

Find the value of PP and the value of θ\theta.

(4)

题目中文翻译

一根轻绳 ABAB 固定于 AA 点,并在 BB 点连接一个重力为 80 N80\,\mathrm{N} 的质点。在 BB 点施加一个大小为 P NP\,\mathrm{N} 的水平力,使绳与竖直方向成 θ∘\theta^\circ 角(见图)。

(a) 已知 P=32P=32,且系统处于平衡状态。

求绳的张力及 θ\theta 的值。

(4)

(b) 若改为已知绳的张力为 120 N120\,\mathrm{N},且连接于 BB 点的质点的重力仍为 80 N80\,\mathrm{N}。

求 PP 和 θ\theta 的值。

(4)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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沿水平、竖直方向分解张力。角相对竖直,因此水平分量用正弦。

答题过程

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Equilibrium gives

Tsin⁡θ=32,Tcos⁡θ=80.T\sin\theta=32,\qquad T\cos\theta=80.

Squaring and adding, and then dividing,

T=322+802=1629.T=\sqrt{32^2+80^2}=16\sqrt{29}. tan⁡θ=3280.\tan\theta=\frac{32}{80}.

Thus

T≈86.2 N,θ≈21.8∘.T\approx\boxed{86.2\,\mathrm{N}},\qquad \theta\approx\boxed{21.8^\circ}.

解法二

思路

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沿绳及其垂直方向分解,先求角,再求张力。

答题过程

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Resolving perpendicular to the string,

80sin⁡θ−32cos⁡θ=0,tan⁡θ=3280.80\sin\theta-32\cos\theta=0, \qquad \tan\theta=\frac{32}{80}.

Thus θ≈21.801409…∘\theta\approx21.801409\ldots^\circ. Resolving parallel to the string,

T= 80cos⁡θ+32sin⁡θ= 1629 N≈ 86.162636… N.\begin{align*} T=&\,80\cos\theta+32\sin\theta\\[4mm] =&\,16\sqrt{29}\,\mathrm{N}\\[4mm] \approx&\,86.162636\ldots\,\mathrm{N}. \end{align*}

Therefore

T≈86.2 N,θ≈21.8∘.T\approx\boxed{86.2\,\mathrm{N}},\qquad \theta\approx\boxed{21.8^\circ}.

解法三

思路

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三个力组成闭合直角三角形,已知两条直角边,勾股定理求斜边张力。

答题过程

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In the closed triangle of forces, the 80 N80\,\mathrm{N} and 32 N32\,\mathrm{N} sides are perpendicular and the tension is the hypotenuse. Thus

T2=802+322,tan⁡θ=3280.T^2=80^2+32^2, \qquad \tan\theta=\frac{32}{80}.

Hence

T=1629 N≈86.2 N,θ≈21.8∘.\boxed{T=16\sqrt{29}\,\mathrm{N}\approx86.2\,\mathrm{N}}, \qquad \theta\approx\boxed{21.8^\circ}.

解法四

思路

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也可对力三角形用正弦定理,注意各边对应的角。

答题过程

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The sine rule in the triangle of forces gives

Tsin⁡90∘=32sin⁡θ=80sin⁡(90∘−θ).\frac{T}{\sin90^\circ} =\frac{32}{\sin\theta} =\frac{80}{\sin(90^\circ-\theta)}.

Thus 32/sin⁡θ=80/cos⁡θ32/\sin\theta=80/\cos\theta, so tan⁡θ=32/80\tan\theta=32/80. Therefore

θ≈21.8∘.\theta\approx\boxed{21.8^\circ}.

Using cos⁡θ=5/29\cos\theta=5/\sqrt{29},

T=80cos⁡θ=1629 N≈86.2 N.T=\frac{80}{\cos\theta}=16\sqrt{29}\,\mathrm{N} \approx\boxed{86.2\,\mathrm{N}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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张力改为120后重新用竖直平衡求角,再用水平平衡求P。

答题过程

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The equilibrium equations are

120cos⁡θ=80,P=120sin⁡θ.120\cos\theta=80,\qquad P=120\sin\theta.

Since the angle is acute,

θ=cos⁡−1(23)≈48.2∘.\theta=\cos^{-1}\bigg(\frac23\bigg)\approx\boxed{48.2^\circ}.

Using the unrounded angle,

P=405≈89.4.\boxed{P=40\sqrt5\approx89.4}.

解法二

思路

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沿绳与垂直绳方向分解也可联立求解,利用垂直方程先表示P再代入。

答题过程

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Resolving perpendicular and parallel to the string gives

80sin⁡θ−Pcos⁡θ=0,120=80cos⁡θ+Psin⁡θ.80\sin\theta-P\cos\theta=0, \qquad120=80\cos\theta+P\sin\theta.

The first gives P=80tan⁡θP=80\tan\theta. Substituting into the second,

120= 80cos⁡θ+80sin⁡2θcos⁡θ= 80cos⁡θ.\begin{align*} 120=&\,80\cos\theta+\frac{80\sin^2\theta}{\cos\theta}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{80}{\cos\theta}. \end{align*}

Thus cos⁡θ=2/3\cos\theta=2/3, giving

θ≈48.2∘,P=80tan⁡θ=405≈89.4.\theta\approx\boxed{48.2^\circ},\qquad \boxed{P=80\tan\theta=40\sqrt5\approx89.4}.

解法三

思路

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力三角形现已知斜边120和一条直角边80,可用勾股定理求P。

答题过程

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In the right-angled force triangle,

1202=P2+802.120^2=P^2+80^2.

Thus

P=1202−802=405≈89.4.\boxed{P=\sqrt{120^2-80^2}=40\sqrt5\approx89.4}.

The angle satisfies cos⁡θ=80/120\cos\theta=80/120, so

θ≈48.2∘.\theta\approx\boxed{48.2^\circ}.

解法四

思路

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沿用正弦定理,但替换成这次给定的张力120。

答题过程

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The sine rule in the triangle of forces gives

120sin⁡90∘=Psin⁡θ=80sin⁡(90∘−θ).\frac{120}{\sin90^\circ} =\frac{P}{\sin\theta} =\frac{80}{\sin(90^\circ-\theta)}.

Thus cos⁡θ=80/120=2/3\cos\theta=80/120=2/3, giving

θ≈48.2∘,P=120sin⁡θ=405≈89.4.\theta\approx\boxed{48.2^\circ},\qquad \boxed{P=120\sin\theta=40\sqrt5\approx89.4}.