题目
Two particles, of masses and , are connected by a light inextensible string that passes over a fixed smooth pulley. The particles hang vertically. The system is released from rest.
Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the particles and find the tension in the string.
题目中文翻译
两个质量分别为 和 的质点,由一根跨过光滑定滑轮的轻质不可伸长细绳连接。两个质点竖直悬挂。系统从静止释放。
求质点的加速度大小及细绳中的张力。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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两粒子加速度大小相同,轻绳两端张力相同。沿重者向下、轻者向上列方程,消去张力。
答题过程
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Let the acceleration magnitude be and the tension be . The heavier particle moves downwards. Newton’s second law gives
Adding the equations,
Hence