题目
A particle of mass , starting from rest at , slides down an inclined plane . The point is metres vertically below the level of , as shown in the diagram.
(a) Given that the plane is smooth, use an energy method to find the speed of the particle at .
(b) It is given instead that the plane is rough and the particle reaches with a speed of . The plane is long and the constant frictional force has magnitude .
Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一个质量为 的质点,从 由静止开始沿斜面 下滑。如图所示,点 比 所在的水平面竖直低 米。
(a) 已知斜面光滑,使用能量方法求质点在 处的速率。
(b) 现在改为已知斜面粗糙,且质点以 的速率到达 。斜面长 ,恒定摩擦力的大小为 。
求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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题目要求能量法。光滑面支持力不做功,减少的重力势能全部转为动能。
答题过程
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By conservation of mechanical energy,
Thus . Taking the positive root,
(b)
解法一
思路
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有摩擦时,势能损失分为末动能与克服摩擦所做的功,摩擦的作用距离是斜面长25米。
答题过程
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The work-energy equation is
Therefore
解法二
思路
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也可先从速度与路程求沿面的加速度,再沿面列牛顿第二定律。斜角正弦等于竖直落差除以斜面长。
答题过程
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Let the acceleration down the plane be . Then
If the inclination is , then . Resolving down the plane,
Thus