题目
A bus travels between two stops, and . The bus starts from rest at and accelerates at a constant rate of until it reaches a speed of . It then travels at this constant speed before decelerating at a constant rate of , coming to rest at . The total time for the journey is .
(a) Sketch the velocity-time graph for the bus’s journey from to .
(b) Find an expression, in terms of , for the length of time that the bus is travelling with constant speed.
(c) Given that the distance from to is , find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一辆公交车在两个车站 和 之间行驶。公交车从 由静止开始,以 的恒定加速度加速,直到速率达到 。随后它以该恒定速率行驶,再以 的恒定减速度减速,在 停下。全程所需的总时间为 。
(a) 画出公交车从 到 的速度—时间示意图。
(b) 用 表示公交车以恒定速率行驶的时间。
(c) 已知从 到 的距离为 ,求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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匀加速、匀速、匀减速对应斜直线、水平线、斜直线;减速率较小,因此下降段比上升段平缓。
答题过程
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Draw a velocity-time graph consisting of three straight segments: rising from to speed , a horizontal segment, then falling to . The gradients of the rising and falling segments are and , respectively.
(b)
解法一
思路
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用速度变化除以加速度求两端用时,总时间减去两端即为匀速时间。
答题过程
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The acceleration time and deceleration time are
Thus the time at constant speed is
(c)
解法一
思路
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图下面积是路程。把整个梯形面积用匀速时间表示,先求T,再代回上一问。
答题过程
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The area under the velocity-time graph is the distance travelled:
Thus , so . Using (b),
Therefore , giving