题目
A particle, , is projected vertically upwards from a point with a speed of . One second later a second particle, , with the same mass as , is projected vertically upwards from with a speed of . At time after the first particle is projected, the two particles collide and coalesce to form a particle .
(a) Show that .
(b) Find the height above at which the particles collide.
(c) Find the time from being projected until returns to .
题目中文翻译
一个质点 从点 以 的速率竖直向上发射。一秒后,另一个与 质量相同的质点 从 以 的速率竖直向上发射。第一个质点发射后 时,两个质点碰撞并粘合,形成质点 。
(a) 证明 。
(b) 求质点碰撞时在 上方的高度。
(c) 求从 发射至 返回 所经历的时间。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
注意B晚出发一秒,到碰撞时它的运动时间是T减一。两者碰撞时高度相同,展开并消去平方项。
答题过程
展开
Taking upwards as positive, the heights at time are
Equating heights and expanding,
Hence
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
把碰撞时间代入A的高度公式,保留未舍入的高度供下一问使用。
答题过程
展开
The collision height is
(c)
解法一
思路
展开
先分别求碰前速度,用动量守恒求粘合后的速度。随后从碰撞点做竖直抛体运动,求回到O所需时间,最后加上碰撞前3.5秒。
答题过程
展开
The velocities immediately before collision are
in , both upwards. If each original mass is , conservation of momentum gives
Let be the time after collision until reaches . Then
so
The negative root is inadmissible. The total time from projection of is