题目
A car has mass . When the car is travelling at a speed of , there is a resistive force of magnitude . The maximum power of the car’s engine is .
(a) The car travels along a straight level road.
(i) The car has a greatest possible constant speed of .
Show that .
(ii) At an instant when its speed is , find the greatest possible acceleration of the car.
(b) The car now travels at a constant speed up a hill inclined at an angle of to the horizontal.
Find the greatest possible speed of the car going up the hill.
题目中文翻译
一辆汽车的质量为 。当汽车以 的速率行驶时,受到大小为 的阻力。汽车发动机的最大功率为 。
(a) 汽车沿水平直路行驶。
(i) 汽车能够维持的最大恒定速率为 。
证明 。
(ii) 在汽车速率为 的某一瞬间,求汽车的最大可能加速度。
(b) 现在汽车以恒定速率沿一条与水平面成 角的山坡上行。
求汽车上坡时的最大可能速率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)(i)
解法一
思路
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最高恒速时合力为零,推力等于kv,发动机已达到最大功率。
答题过程
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At the greatest constant speed, the driving force equals the resistance. Therefore
(a)(ii)
解法一
思路
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给定速率下最大推力等于最大功率除以速率,再扣除阻力求合力。
答题过程
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At speed , the greatest driving force is
Newton’s second law gives
Hence
(b)
解法一
思路
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匀速上坡时推力需平衡阻力及重力沿坡分量。用最大功率建立速度的二次方程,只保留正根。
答题过程
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Let the greatest constant speed be . The driving force is
At maximum power,
Thus
and the positive root is
The other root is negative and cannot represent the speed.