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CIE 9709 2024 November Paper 42 Q4

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2024 Nov Paper 42 Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

The diagram shows two particles, AA and BB, of masses 0.2 kg0.2\,\mathrm{kg} and 0.1 kg0.1\,\mathrm{kg} respectively. The particles are suspended below a horizontal ceiling by two strings, APAP and BQBQ, attached to fixed points PP and QQ on the ceiling. The particles are connected by a horizontal string, ABAB. Angle APQ=45∘APQ=45^\circ and BQP=θ∘BQP=\theta^\circ. Each string is light and inextensible. The particles are in equilibrium.

(a) Find the value of the tension in the string ABAB.

(2)

(b) Find the value of θ\theta and the tension in the string BQBQ.

(4)

题目中文翻译

图中两个质点 AA 和 BB 的质量分别为 0.2 kg0.2\,\mathrm{kg} 和 0.1 kg0.1\,\mathrm{kg}。两质点由两根绳 APAP 和 BQBQ 悬挂在水平天花板下方,两绳分别连接到天花板上的固定点 PP 和 QQ。两质点由一根水平绳 ABAB 连接。角 APQ=45∘APQ=45^\circ,角 BQP=θ∘BQP=\theta^\circ。每根绳均轻且不可伸长。两质点处于平衡状态。

(a) 求绳 ABAB 中张力的大小。

(2)

(b) 求 θ\theta 的值和绳 BQBQ 中张力的大小。

(4)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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对A分别沿水平及竖直方向平衡,利用45度的正弦、余弦相同消去AP张力。

答题过程

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Let the tensions in APAP and ABAB be SS and HH. Equilibrium of AA gives

Ssin⁡45∘=0.2(10)=2,H=Scos⁡45∘.S\sin45^\circ=0.2(10)=2,\qquad H=S\cos45^\circ.

Since sin⁡45∘=cos⁡45∘\sin45^\circ=\cos45^\circ,

H=2 N.\boxed{H=2\,\mathrm{N}}.

解法二

思路

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对A的三个平衡力使用Lami定理。水平张力与重力各自所对的夹角同为135度。

答题过程

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At AA, the angle between APAP and the downward weight is 135∘135^\circ, as is the angle between APAP and ABAB. By Lami’s theorem,

TABsin⁡135∘=0.2(10)sin⁡135∘.\frac{T_{AB}}{\sin135^\circ} =\frac{0.2(10)}{\sin135^\circ}.

Hence

TAB=2 N.\boxed{T_{AB}=2\,\mathrm{N}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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对B沿水平、竖直方向平衡。不同的绳不必具有同样张力。

答题过程

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Let the tension in BQBQ be TT. Equilibrium of BB gives

Tcos⁡θ=2,Tsin⁡θ=0.1(10)=1.T\cos\theta=2,\qquad T\sin\theta=0.1(10)=1.

Dividing the equations and then squaring and adding,

tan⁡θ=12,T2=22+12.\tan\theta=\frac12,\qquad T^2=2^2+1^2.

Therefore

θ≈26.6∘,T=5 N≈2.24 N.\theta\approx\boxed{26.6^\circ},\qquad \boxed{T=\sqrt5\,\mathrm{N}\approx2.24\,\mathrm{N}}.

解法二

思路

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改沿BQ及其垂直方向分解。垂直方向先求角,再沿绳求张力。

答题过程

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Resolving the forces on BB perpendicular to BQBQ,

2sin⁡θ=cos⁡θ,tan⁡θ=12.2\sin\theta=\cos\theta, \qquad \tan\theta=\frac12.

Thus θ=26.565051…∘\theta=26.565051\ldots^\circ. Resolving parallel to BQBQ,

T= 2cos⁡θ+sin⁡θ= 2(25)+15=5.\begin{align*} T=&\,2\cos\theta+\sin\theta\\[4mm] =&\,2\bigg(\frac2{\sqrt5}\bigg)+\frac1{\sqrt5}=\sqrt5. \end{align*}

Hence

θ≈26.6∘,T=5 N≈2.24 N.\theta\approx\boxed{26.6^\circ},\qquad \boxed{T=\sqrt5\,\mathrm{N}\approx2.24\,\mathrm{N}}.

解法三

思路

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把B所受三个力首尾相接成为直角力三角形,用勾股定理及三角比。

答题过程

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For BB, the closed triangle of forces has perpendicular sides 2 N2\,\mathrm{N} and 1 N1\,\mathrm{N}, and hypotenuse TBQT_{BQ}. Therefore

TBQ=22+12=5 N,tan⁡θ=12.T_{BQ}=\sqrt{2^2+1^2}=\sqrt5\,\mathrm{N}, \qquad \tan\theta=\frac12.

Thus

θ≈26.6∘,TBQ=5 N≈2.24 N.\theta\approx\boxed{26.6^\circ},\qquad \boxed{T_{BQ}=\sqrt5\,\mathrm{N}\approx2.24\,\mathrm{N}}.

解法四

思路

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用Lami定理。BQ张力所对夹角为90度,其余两项可化为角的正弦、余弦。

答题过程

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Applying Lami’s theorem to BB gives

TBQsin⁡90∘= 1sin⁡(180∘−θ)= 2sin⁡(90∘+θ).\begin{align*} \frac{T_{BQ}}{\sin90^\circ} =&\,\frac{1}{\sin(180^\circ-\theta)}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{2}{\sin(90^\circ+\theta)}. \end{align*}

Thus 1/sin⁡θ=2/cos⁡θ1/\sin\theta=2/\cos\theta, giving tan⁡θ=1/2\tan\theta=1/2. Since θ\theta is acute, sin⁡θ=1/5\sin\theta=1/\sqrt5. Hence

θ≈26.6∘.\theta\approx\boxed{26.6^\circ}. TBQ=11/5=5 N≈2.24 N.T_{BQ}=\frac1{1/\sqrt5} =\boxed{\sqrt5\,\mathrm{N}\approx2.24\,\mathrm{N}}.

解法五

思路

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也可把两个粒子作为整体,AB张力成为内力而消去。先从A求AP张力的分量,再列整体平衡。

答题过程

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From vertical equilibrium of AA,

TAPsin⁡45∘=2,TAP=22 N.T_{AP}\sin45^\circ=2, \qquad T_{AP}=2\sqrt2\,\mathrm{N}.

Resolving on the whole system, the internal tensions in ABAB cancel:

TBQsin⁡θ+TAPsin⁡45∘=3,T_{BQ}\sin\theta+T_{AP}\sin45^\circ=3, TBQcos⁡θ=TAPcos⁡45∘.T_{BQ}\cos\theta=T_{AP}\cos45^\circ.

Therefore

TBQsin⁡θ=1,TBQcos⁡θ=2.T_{BQ}\sin\theta=1,\qquad T_{BQ}\cos\theta=2.

Hence

θ≈26.6∘,TBQ=5 N≈2.24 N.\theta\approx\boxed{26.6^\circ},\qquad \boxed{T_{BQ}=\sqrt5\,\mathrm{N}\approx2.24\,\mathrm{N}}.