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CIE 9709 2024 November Paper 42 Q7

A Level / CIE / M1

CIE 9709 2024 Nov Paper 42 Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

Two particles, AA and BB, of masses 0.2 kg0.2\,\mathrm{kg} and 0.3 kg0.3\,\mathrm{kg} respectively, are attached to the ends of a light inextensible string. The string passes over a small fixed smooth pulley which is attached to the bottom of a rough plane inclined at an angle θ\theta to the horizontal where sin⁡θ=0.6\sin\theta=0.6. Particle AA lies on the plane, and particle BB hangs vertically below the pulley, 0.25 m0.25\,\mathrm{m} above horizontal ground. The string between AA and the pulley is parallel to a line of greatest slope of the plane (see diagram). The coefficient of friction between AA and the plane is 1.1251.125. Particle AA is released from rest.

(a) Find the tension in the string and the magnitude of the acceleration of the particles.

(7)

(b) When BB reaches the ground, it comes to rest.

Find the total distance that AA travels down the plane from when it is released until it comes to rest. You may assume that AA does not reach the pulley.

(4)

题目中文翻译

两个质点 AA 和 BB 的质量分别为 0.2 kg0.2\,\mathrm{kg} 和 0.3 kg0.3\,\mathrm{kg},连接在一根轻且不可伸长的绳的两端。绳绕过一个固定的小型光滑滑轮,滑轮安装在一个与水平面成 θ\theta 角的粗糙斜面的底端,其中 sin⁡θ=0.6\sin\theta=0.6。质点 AA 位于斜面上,质点 BB 竖直悬挂在滑轮下方,离水平地面 0.25 m0.25\,\mathrm{m}。AA 与滑轮之间的绳平行于斜面的最大坡度线(见图)。AA 与斜面之间的摩擦系数为 1.1251.125。质点 AA 从静止释放。

(a) 求绳中的张力和两质点加速度的大小。

(7)

(b) 当 BB 到达地面时,它便停止运动。

求 AA 从释放到停止运动期间沿斜面向下运动的总路程。可以假设 AA 不会到达滑轮。

(4)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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滑轮位于斜面底部,所以A的张力沿坡向下,与重力分量同向;摩擦向上。不要套用滑轮位于坡顶的受力式。

答题过程

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Since sin⁡θ=0.6\sin\theta=0.6, cos⁡θ=0.8\cos\theta=0.8. For AA,

R= 0.2(10)(0.8)=1.6 N,F= 1.125R=1.8 N.\begin{align*} R=&\,0.2(10)(0.8)=1.6\,\mathrm{N},\\[4mm] F=&\,1.125R=1.8\,\mathrm{N}. \end{align*}

Let the common acceleration magnitude be aa, with AA down the plane and BB downwards. The tension acts down the plane on AA. Newton’s second law gives

T+0.2(10)(0.6)−1.8= 0.2a,3−T= 0.3a.\begin{align*} T+0.2(10)(0.6)-1.8=&\,0.2a,\\[4mm] 3-T=&\,0.3a. \end{align*}

Adding,

2.4=0.5a,a=4.8 m s−2.2.4=0.5a,\qquad \boxed{a=4.8\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}}.

This positive result confirms the assumed directions. Hence

T=3−0.3(4.8)=1.56 N.T=3-0.3(4.8)=\boxed{1.56\,\mathrm{N}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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B落地前两者移动相同距离;落地后绳松弛,A只受重力分量与摩擦,减速到停。两段路程要相加。

答题过程

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When BB reaches the ground, AA has moved 0.25 m0.25\,\mathrm{m}. Their common speed satisfies

v2=2(4.8)(0.25)=2.4.v^2=2(4.8)(0.25)=2.4.

The string then becomes slack. Taking down the plane as positive for AA,

0.2a= 0.2(10)(0.6)−1.8=−0.6,a= −3 m s−2.\begin{align*} 0.2a=&\,0.2(10)(0.6)-1.8=-0.6,\\[4mm] a=&\,-3\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}. \end{align*}

If the additional distance before stopping is ss,

0=2.4+2(−3)s,s=0.4 m.0=2.4+2(-3)s,\qquad s=0.4\,\mathrm{m}.

Thus the total distance down the plane is

0.25+0.4=0.65 m.0.25+0.4=\boxed{0.65\,\mathrm{m}}.

解法二

思路

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落地后的第二段也可用能量法:初动能加势能损失,恰好等于克服摩擦的功。

答题过程

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Before BB reaches the ground, the particles move 0.25 m0.25\,\mathrm{m} with acceleration 4.8 m s−24.8\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}. Thus

v2=2(4.8)(0.25)=2.4.v^2=2(4.8)(0.25)=2.4.

Afterwards the string is slack. If AA moves a further distance dd down the plane, the work-energy equation gives

12(0.2)(2.4)+0.2(10)(0.6)d−1.8d=0.\frac12(0.2)(2.4)+0.2(10)(0.6)d-1.8d=0.

Hence 0.24=0.6d0.24=0.6d, so d=0.4d=0.4. The total distance is

0.25+d=0.65 m.0.25+d=\boxed{0.65\,\mathrm{m}}.