题目
A car of mass travels up a slope inclined at an angle of to the horizontal. There is a constant resistance of magnitude acting on the car.
(a) It is given that the car travels at a constant speed of .
Find the power of the engine of the car.
(b) Find the acceleration of the car when its speed is and the engine is working at of the power found in (a).
题目中文翻译
一辆质量为 的汽车沿与水平面成 角的斜坡向上行驶。汽车受到大小为 的恒定阻力。
(a) 已知汽车以 的恒定速率行驶。
求汽车发动机的功率。
(b) 当汽车的速率为 ,发动机以 (a) 中所求功率的 工作时,求汽车的加速度。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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匀速上坡时推力平衡阻力及重力沿坡分量,再用功率等于力乘速率。
答题过程
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Let the inclination be , so . At constant speed, the driving force is
Therefore the engine power is
(b)
解法一
思路
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功率按95%调整,给定速率下求新的推力,再扣除两个向下的力。
答题过程
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The power is , so the driving force at speed is
Resolving up the slope,
Hence