题目
Two particles, and , of masses and respectively, lie on a smooth horizontal plane. Initially, is at rest and is moving towards with speed . After and collide, moves with speed .
Find the greater of the two possible total losses of kinetic energy due to the collision.
题目中文翻译
两个质点 和 的质量分别为 和 ,位于一个光滑水平面上。最初, 静止, 以 的速率向 运动。 和 碰撞后, 以 的速率运动。
求碰撞造成的两种可能的总动能损失中较大的一个。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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A碰后的速率给出两个可能速度,分别沿原方向与反弹。逐一守恒动量并计算总动能损失,才能判断较大者。
答题过程
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Take the original direction of as positive. The initial kinetic energy is
If continues forwards with velocity , conservation of momentum gives
The final kinetic energy and loss are
If rebounds with velocity , then
Now
Hence the greater possible loss is