题目
A particle of mass is going to be pulled across a rough horizontal plane by a light inextensible string. The string is at an angle of above the plane and has tension (see diagram). The coefficient of friction between the particle and the plane is .
(a) Given that the particle is on the point of moving, find the value of .
(b) Given instead that the particle is accelerating at , find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一个质量为 的质点将由一根轻且不可伸长的绳拉着在粗糙水平面上运动。绳在平面上方与平面成 角,张力为 (见图)。质点与平面之间的摩擦系数为 。
(a) 已知质点恰好处于即将运动的状态,求 的值。
(b) 改为已知质点以 的加速度运动,求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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张力向上分量减小支持力,临界静摩擦为μR;水平平衡后消去R求张力。
答题过程
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Resolving vertically,
At limiting equilibrium, friction is . Resolving horizontally,
Thus
and
(b)
解法一
思路
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这是另一个状态,张力和支持力都要重新求;只沿水平有加速度,竖直仍平衡。
答题过程
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Again , but its value differs from that in (a). Newton’s second law horizontally gives
Hence
so