题目
Two particles, and , of masses and respectively are at rest on a smooth horizontal plane. is projected at a speed of directly towards . After and collide, has speed .
(a) Find the two possible speeds of after the collision.
It is given that of kinetic energy, where , is lost during the collision.
(b) Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
质量分别为 和 的两个质点 和 静止在光滑水平面上。 以 的速率直接朝 发射。 与 碰撞后, 的速率为 。
(a) 求碰撞后 的两种可能速率。
已知碰撞过程中损失了 的动能,其中 。
(b) 求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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P碰后速率1但方向未知,分别把其速度取+1和−1列动量守恒。
答题过程
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Take ‘s initial direction as positive. If continues forwards after impact, conservation of momentum gives
If rebounds,
Thus the two possible speeds of are
(b)
解法一
思路
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先检查两种情况的动能;题设损失严格为正,排除零损失情形。
答题过程
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The initial kinetic energy is
If has speed , the final kinetic energy is
which gives zero loss and is excluded by .
For ‘s speed of ,
Hence